Human Body Flashcards
Popularly referred to (incorrectly) as the ‘funny bone’ which bone runs from the shoulder to the elbow?
HUMERUS
Which sheet of internal skeletal muscle separates the thoracic cavity containing the heart and lungs from the abdominal cavity?
DIAPHRAGM
What is the name of the light-sensitive membrane lining the inner eyeball containing cells that are sensitive to light and that trigger nerve impulses that pass via the optic nerve to the brain?
RETINA
Commonly called the ‘voice box’ which short cartilaginous tube joins the pharynx with the trachea?
LARYNX
What is the name of the outermost layer of skin which lies above the dermis?
EPIDERMIS
Weighing about 1.5 kg what is both the heaviest internal organ and the largest gland in the human body?
LIVER
What is the main artery in the human body originating from the left ventricle of the heart which distributes oxygenated blood to all parts of the body?
AORTA
People with which blood group are known as universal donors as they can donate blood to almost anyone else?
O NEGATIVE
Skeletal smooth and cardiac are the three types of which soft tissue?
MUSCLE
Also known as the thigh bone what is the longest and strongest bone in the human body?
FEMUR
Which part of the brain located at the back of the skull coordinates and regulates muscular activity?
CEREBELLUM
Which tube connects the middle ear to the pharynx and serves to equalize air pressure on either side of the eardrum?
EUSTACIAN TUBE
Pollex is the Medical Latin English noun for which part of the body?
THUMB
Which artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs?
PULMONARY ARTERY
What is the name of the little white crescent found at the bed of the fingernails and toenails?
LUNULA
From the Latin for ‘little grape’ what is the name of the small soft piece of flesh that hangs down from the back of the throat?
UVULA
Providing the lower value in a blood pressure reading in which part of the part of the cardiac cycle does the heart refill with blood?
DIASTOLE
Which gland in the neck produces T cells for the immune system and becomes much smaller at the approach of puberty?
THYMUS
What is the name of the savoury taste which is one of the five basic tastes together with sweet sour bitter and salty?
UMAMI
How many deciduous teeth (milk teeth) does a child have?
20
Fingernails and toenails are made of which tough protective protein?
KERATIN
Arranged like a letter ‘X’ which pair of ligaments (anterior and posterior) is located in the knee?
CRUCIATE
Human cells have how many pairs of chromosomes?
23
Derived from the Latin word for ‘fasting’ which part of the small intestine lies between the duodenum and the ileum?
JEJUNUM
Which steroid hormone produced in the ovaries is involved in the female menstrual cycle pregnancy and the development of an embryo?
PROGESTERONE
Which bone in the middle ear is the smallest and lightest named bone in the human body?
STAPES (OR STIRRUP)
Iris oesophageal and pyloric are examples of which circular muscle that surrounds a body opening and that can tighten to close the opening?
SPHINCTER
Also known as the bicuspid valve which valve in the heart allows the blood to flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle and prevents the backflow of blood?
MITRAL VALVE
The largest strongest and lowest bone in the face what is the name of the lower jawbone?
MANDIBLE
What is the name of the second cervical vertebra of the spine which forms the pivot upon which the first cervical vertebra (the atlas) rotates?
AXIS
Which type of white blood cell in the immune system includes natural killer (NK) cells T cells and B cells?
LYMPHOCYTE
The longest nerve of the autonomic nervous system what is the name of the tenth cranial nerve?
VAGUS
Composed of a glomerulus and the Bowman’s capsule the renal corpuscle is a component in which filtering and excretory unit of the kidney?
NEPHRON
Produced in the stomach which enzyme breaks down proteins into smaller peptides?
PEPSIN
The Glands of Montgomery are sebaceous glands found in the areola surrounding what parts of the human body?
NIPPLES
What is the common name of the calcaneus bone?
HEEL BONE
Which organ of the body consisting of red pulp and white pulp is responsible for removing old or damaged red blood cells from the body and has a reservoir of blood?
SPLEEN
Named after the German anatomist who discovered them what name of given to the regions of the pancreas that contain endocrine cells?
ISLETS OF LANGERHANS
Palpebral and blepharal are terms which refer to which parts of the human body?
EYELIDS
Which high amplitude electrical rhythms of the brain with a frequency of less than four cycles per second are associated with deep sleep?
DELTA WAVES
Which hormone produced by the pineal gland is intimately involved in regulating the sleeping and waking cycles and circadian rhythms?
MELATONIN
The Organ of Corti is contained in which chamber of bone in the inner ear?
COCHLEA
Derived from the Latin for ‘tender mother’ what is the delicate innermost layer of the meninges?
PIA MATER
What is the name of the long coiled tube that lies behind the testicle and connects it to the vas deferens?
EPIDIDYMIS
The appendix is a blind-ended tube connected to which structure of the colon that is considered to be the beginning of the large intestine?
CECUM
When the stomach is empty which peptide hormone known as the ‘hunger hormone’ is released?
GHRELIN
Often abbreviated as VC what is the maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inhalation?
VITAL CAPACITY
Which gelatinous substance within the umbilical cord protects and insulates umbilical blood vessels?
WHARTON’S JELLY
What type of sensory receptor responds to potentially damaging stimuli by sending nerve signals of pain to the spinal cord and brain?
NOCICEPTOR
Named after the Ukrainian scientist who first described them what is the name of the giant neurons located within the grey matter in the primary motor cortex?
BETZ CELLS
