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Question Archive > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

1
Q

Who published his theory of evolution in the 1859 book On the Origin of Species?

A

Charles Darwin

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2
Q

What general term is used for the large dry oily seeds or fruit of some plants which are usually edible?

A

Nuts

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3
Q

In which process do plants convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars and oxygen using energy from sunlight?

A

Photosynthesis

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4
Q

Which acid formed when milk goes sour also builds up in muscles during strenuous exercise?

A

Lactic Acid

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5
Q

What term is given to the chemical processes occurring within a living cell or organism that are necessary for the maintenance of life?

A

Metabolism

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6
Q

Which portmanteau word refers to the whole hereditary information of an organism that is encoded in the DNA – the human version was sequenced in 2001?

A

Genome

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7
Q

Used as an artificial replacement for lost kidney function which process removes waste and excess water from the blood?

A

Dialysis

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8
Q

Also known as dextrose which sugar circulates in the blood of animals as blood sugar?

A

Glucose

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9
Q

What is the science of defining groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics and giving names to those groups?

A

Taxonomy

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10
Q

What is the name of the Austrian monk who carried out experiments on pea plants and is regarded as the founder of genetics?

A

Gregor Mendel

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11
Q

Which term was first coined by the German biologist Ernst Haeckel in 1866 who defined it as “the comprehensive science of the relationship of the organism to the environment”?

A

Ecology

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12
Q

What term is given to the study of the microscopic structure of tissues?

A

Histology

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13
Q

By which process is water absorbed by plants usually through the roots and evaporated into the atmosphere from the plant surface mainly from the leaves?

A

Transpiration

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14
Q

Female sex chromosomes have two copies of the X chromosome while male sex chromosomes have one X chromosome and one of which other chromosome?

A

Y

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15
Q

What name is given to any organism such as bacteria that lacks nuclei and other complex cell structures?

A

Prokaryote

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16
Q

RNA acts as a messenger between DNA and ribosomes and is also responsible for making proteins. What do the initials RNA stand for?

A

Ribonucleic Acid

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17
Q

What chemical substance is produced and released into the environment by an animal for example to indicate the availability of the female for breeding?

A

Pheromone

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18
Q

Derived from the Greek word for “wood” which type of transport tissue in vascular plants transports water from roots to shoots and leaves?

A

Xylem

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19
Q

Which protein makes up 80% of the proteins in cow’s milk?

A

Casein

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20
Q

What term is used for the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration?

A

Osmosis

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21
Q

James Watson and Francis Crick realised that the molecules of DNA were of what structure (two-word answer required)?

A

Double Helix

22
Q

Named after a character in Lewis Carroll’s Through the Looking-Glass which evolutionary hypothesis proposes that organisms must constantly adapt evolve and proliferate simply to survive?

A

Red Queen Hypothesis

23
Q

Which process transforms one diploid cell into four haploid cells and forms the basis of sexual reproduction?

A

Meiosis

24
Q

What term used both in zoology and in botany literally means “giving live birth”?

A

Viviparity

25
Q

Leucine lysine and methionine are three of the “essential” types of which group of acids?

A

Amino Acids

26
Q

The Latin word for “whip” what name is given to the tail-like projections that protrude from the cell body of microorganisms and aid in locomotion?

A

Flagella

27
Q

What name is given to a plant that derives moisture and nutrients from the air and rain and grows on another plant but is not parasitic on it?

A

Epiphyte

28
Q

What name is given to the breathing pores on the surface of a plant’s leaves?

A

Stomata

29
Q

What term is defined as the maximum population size of the species that the environment can sustain indefinitely given the food habitat water and other necessities available in the environment?

A

Carrying Capacity

30
Q

Which Russian scientist led a campaign against genetics in the Soviet Union from the 1930s to the 1960s and developed a theory of genetics which suggested that environment can alter the hereditary material?

A

Trofim Lysenko

31
Q

Also known as the citric acid cycle what series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy is named after a German-born biochemist?

A

Krebs Cycle

32
Q

Representing a single ‘branch’ on the ‘tree of life’ what term is used for a group of organisms that consists of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants?

A

Clade

33
Q

Haemocyanin is a protein that transports oxygen throughout the bodies of some invertebrate animals and contains two atoms of which metal?

A

Copper

34
Q

Responsible for fatal brain diseases such as CJD which microscopic protein particle is similar to a virus but lacks nucleic acid?

A

Prion

35
Q

What term is used for plants that have no persistent woody stem above ground?

A

Herbaceous

36
Q

Auxins are one of the five classes of which chemicals that regulate plant growth?

A

Hormones

37
Q

What name is given to a flowering plant with two embryonic seed leaves that usually appear at germination?

A

Dicotyledon

38
Q

Which domain of single-celled organisms were originally classified as bacteria but their membranes are made of molecules that differ from those in other life forms?

A

Archaea

39
Q

What name is given to an organism that cannot fix carbon and uses organic carbon for growth?

A

Heterotroph

40
Q

The Latin word for “sewer” what is the name of the orifice that serves as the only opening for the digestive reproductive and urinary tracts of certain animal species?

A

Cloaca

41
Q

Who won a Nobel Prize in 1933 for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity by studying mutations in the fruit fly?

A

Thomas Hunt Morgan

42
Q

What name is given to the process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms?

A

Apoptosis

43
Q

ATP is a coenzyme that is used to transport energy to cells for biochemical processes. What do the initials ATP stand for?

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

44
Q

Which waxy steroid with the chemical formula C27H46O is an essential structural component of mammalian cell membranes?

A

Cholesterol

45
Q

What is the name of the ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water such as an ocean or a lake?

A

Benthic Zone

46
Q

In zoology what word describes organisms that do not possess a means of self-locomotion and are normally immobile e.g. barnacles?

A

Sessile

47
Q

Named after an English naturalist what form of mimicry refers to a situation where a harmless species has evolved to imitate the warning signals of a harmful species directed at a common predator?

A

Batesian

48
Q

What name is given to the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among individuals or groups of organisms?

A

Phylogenetics

49
Q

The first synthetic cell known as Synthia was created in 2010 at an Institute named after which American biotechnologist?

A

Craig Venter

50
Q

Probably the last entry in any Dictionary of Biology what is the science that studies the process of fermentation?

A

zymology (Or zymurgy)

Question Archive (50 decks)

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