Chemistry Flashcards
Which chemical element with atomic number 2 is named after the Sun?
HELIUM
Who isolated a series of substances for the first time including potassium and magnesium and invented a miner’s safely lamp which is named after him?
HUMPHRY DAVY
Historically known as oil of vitriol which acid has the formula H2SO4?
SULPHURIC ACID
Developed by a German chemist which common piece of laboratory equipment produces a single open gas flame?
BUNSEN BURNER
What name is given to an alloy of mercury with another metal or metals?
AMALGAM
Invention of the periodic table is generally credited to which Russian chemist in 1869?
DMITRI MENDELEEV
Also known as methanoic acid which carboxylic acid is found in the venom of ants?
FORMIC ACID
Which colourless gas with a characteristic pungent smell has the formula NH3?
AMMONIA
With a name derived from the Greek for “plaster” what is the common name of hydrated calcium sulphate?
GYPSUM
Group 17 in the periodic table which includes fluorine chlorine and bromine is also known by what name?
HALOGENS
Bronze is an alloy of which two metals?
COPPER AND TIN
What is the name of the positive electrode in an electrolytic cell or a storage battery?
ANODE
Also known for his research into colour blindness who published the first atomic theory in 1805?
JOHN DALTON
Which alloy of silver contains 92.5% pure silver and 7.5% other metals usually copper?
STERLING SILVER
Named after a botanist who first observed the phenomenon while studying pollen grains suspended in water what name is given to the random movement of solid particles suspended in a liquid or gas caused by collisions between these particles and the molecules of the liquid or gas?
BROWNIAN MOTION
What is the name of the process that treats rubber with sulphur and heat thereby imparting strength greater elasticity and durability?
VULCANISATION
Known as the “father of modern chemistry” and noted for his discovery of the role oxygen plays in combustion who was branded a traitor and guillotined in Paris in 1794?
ANTOINE LAVOISIER
What name is given to the geometric arrangement of the points in space at which the atoms molecules or ions of a crystal occur?
LATTICE
Which mixture of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid is capable of dissolving gold and platinum?
AQUA REGIS
One of the SI base units what is defined as “the amount of a chemical substance that contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 12 grams of carbon-12”?
MOLE
What is the name of a mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble particles is suspended throughout another substance?
COLLOID
Covalent Ionic and Metallic are types of what form of attraction between atoms that enables the formation of chemical compounds?
BOND
Used for titration which measuring instrument consisting of a graduated glass tube with a tap at the bottom?
BURETTE
Which element with atomic number 53 is named after the Greek word for “violet” and was first isolated from seaweed?
IODINE
Also known as lye and caustic soda which compound is used in pulping of wood for making paper and as a drain cleaner?
SODIUM HYDROXIDE
Which element with atomic number 100 is named after an Italian scientist and was discovered in the debris of the first hydrogen bomb explosion in 1952?
FERMIUM
What property of an element is a measure of its combining power with other atoms when it forms chemical compounds or molecules?
VALENCY
Widely used in atomic clocks which is the least electronegative element?
CAESIUM
Group 1 in the periodic table which includes lithium sodium and potassium is also known by what name?
ALKALI METALS
The nucleus of which radioactive isotope of hydrogen also known as hydrogen-3 contains one proton and two neutrons?
TRITIUM
The winner of two Nobel Prizes who established a scale for measuring electronegativity in the 1930s?
LINUS PAULING
Which chemical element with atomic number 38 is named after the Scottish village where it was discovered in the ores of the lead mines?
STRONTIUM
The simplest alkyne which colourless gas has the formula C2H2?
ACETYLENE
Also known as fool’s gold which mineral has the formula fes2?
(IRON) PYRITE
What term refers to any of various techniques for the separation of complex mixtures that rely on the differential affinities of substances for a gas or liquid mobile medium and for a stationary adsorbing medium through which they pass?
CHROMATOGRAPHY
The Frasch process is a method to extract which element from underground deposits?
SULPHUR
What name is given to any organic compound in which the hydroxyl functional group (-OH) is bound to a saturated carbon atom?
ALCOHOL
Four chemical elements are named after which village in Sweden where the elements were first discovered?
YTTERBY
One of the major constituents of gunpowder which compound is known as saltpetre?
POTASSIUM NITRATE
What name is given to molecules with the same chemical formula but possessing distinct properties because the atoms are arranged into different chemical structures e.g. Sucrose and lactose?
ISOMERS
Which Scottish chemist discovered all of the naturally occurring noble gases and received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1904?
WILLIAM RAMSAY
A term often used in the petroleum industry what is the process whereby complex organic molecules such as long chain hydrocarbons are broken down into simpler molecules such as light hydrocarbons usually at a high temperature?
CRACKING
Who discovered palladium in 1802 and rhodium in 1804 – he also patented the camera lucida?
WILLIAM HYDE WOLLASTON
What is the name of the most widely-produced plastic which has the formula (C2H4)n?
POLYETHYLENE
Named after a French chemist which principle can be used to predict the effect of a change in conditions on a chemical equilibrium?
LE CHATELIER’S PRINCIPLE
Only two chemical elements are named after female scientists – curium and which other element?
MEITNERIUM
What is a generic designation for a family of synthetic polymers known generically as aliphatic polyamides?
NYLON
Which process is the principal industrial means of refining bauxite to produce alumina (aluminium oxide)?
BAYER PROCESS
Derived from the Greek words for “element” and “measure” what term is used for the calculation of relative quantities of reactants and products in chemical reactions?
STOICHIOMETRY
Probably the last entry in any Dictionary of Chemistry what is a compound with a positive and a negative charge on different atoms and a total net charge of zero?
ZWITTERION
