Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science Finals > Human Body > Flashcards

Human Body Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Skeletal System

A

made up of bones, ligaments, and cartilage. It supports the body and protects important organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Muscular System

A

allows movement of body parts. It works with the skeletal system to help you move

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

moves blood through the body. The heart is the pump for this system. Blood flows through blood vessels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Respiratory system

A

gathers oxygen from the environment and gets rid of carbon dioxide from the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lymphatic System

A

returns leaked fluid back to the blood. As a major part of the immune system, it has cells that help get rid of invading bacteria and viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Digestive system

A

breaks down food into nutrients that can be used by the body. The stomach breaks down food into tiny pieces. Nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Excretory system

A

gets rid of the body’s wastes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Nervous System

A

made up of structures that control the actions and reactions of the body in response to stimuli from the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Endocrine System

A

controls body functions and helps maintain homeostasis using hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

reproductive system

A

the body system that controls growth and metabolism and regulates reproduction through hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Immune System

A

the body’s defense system, which is made up of tissues and specialized white blood cells that recognize and attack foreign substances in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Homeostasis

A

the maintenance of a constant internal environment when outside conditions change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Arthritis

A

a disease that causes the joints to swell, stiffen, and become painful. It can also cause the joints to change shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Osteoporosis

A

a disease that causes bone tissue to become thin. The bones become weak and break more easily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Muscular dystrophy

A

a hereditary disease that causes skeletal muscle to become weaker over time. It causes poor balance and difficulty walking or doing everyday activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Tendinitis

A

when tendons become inflamed or even torn, it causes this painful condition which is treated with medication to reduce swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

hardening of the artery walls caused by the build-up of cholesterol and other lipids. It narrows the blood vessels and causes heart attacks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hypertension

A

abnormally high blood pressure, which can cause heart attacks and strokes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Heart Attacks

A

happens when an artery that supplies blood to the heart becomes blocked and the heart muscle tissue that depends on the blood supply does not get oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Strokes

A

happens when a blood vessel in the brain becomes blocked or bursts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Asthma

A

a condition in which the airways are narrowed due to inflammation of the bronchi.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Pneumonia

A

an inflammation of the lungs that is usually caused by bacteria or viruses. The alveoli may fill with fluid, causing the person to suffocate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Emphysema

A

occurs when the alveoli have been damaged and oxygen cannot pass into the blood. It causes a buildup of carbon dioxide and is often the result of smoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Muscular strains and tears

A

a muscle injury in which the muscle is overstretched and torn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Ligament

A

the tough, flexible stands of connective tissue that hold bones together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Fractures

A

a crack in a bone which usually repairs itself in six to eight weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Sprains

A

an injury to a ligament that is caused by stretching a joint too far

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Joint

A

the place where two or more bones connect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Bone marrow

A

the soft tissue inside the bones where blood cells are produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Smooth muscle

A

found in the internal organs and blood vessels. It helps move material through the body by contracting and relaxing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

the tissue that makes up the heart. It never gets tired and works automatically without you thinking about it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

attached to the bones, controlled by your brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Strength

A

built with resistance exercise to increase the muscle’s power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Endurance

A

these exercises allow the muscles to contract for a longer time without getting tired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Flexibility

A

the full range of motion of a joint. This can be increased through stretching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Tendon

A

the tough strand of tissue that connects a muscle to a bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Vein

A

a blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Blood

A

the fluid that carries gasses, nutrients, and wastes through the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Artery

A

a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart. They have thick walls with a layer of smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Capillary

A

a tiny blood vessel that allows gas exchange between body cells and the blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

plasma

A

the fluid part of the blood

42
Q

Platelets

A

tiny pieces of larger cells found in bone marrow. They help the blood clot to form scabs

43
Q

White blood cells

A

Help keep you healthy by fighting pathogens such as bacteria and viruses.

44
Q

Red blood cells

A

disk-shaped cells that do not have a nucleus. They bring oxygen to every cell in your body

45
Q

Pharynx

A

the official name for your throat

46
Q

Larynx

A

part of the throat that holds the vocal cords

47
Q

Trachea

A

a large tube that connects to the lungs and splits into two branches

48
Q

Bronchi

A

the name for the two branches of the trachea

49
Q

Alveoli

A

tiny sacs that suck air in and out. They are surrounded by blood vessels to transfer oxygen to the blood

50
Q

Lymph

A

the fluid that leaks from organs and tissues

51
Q

Lymph Node

A

small bean-shaped organs that remove pathogens and dead cells from lymph

52
Q

Lymph Vessels

A

thin-walled vessels of the lymphatic system. They carry lymph back to the lymph nodes

53
Q

Tonsils

A

small lymphatic organs at the back of the throat and tongue.

54
Q

Thymus

A

an organ in the chest where white blood cells are made. It gets smaller as a person gets older

55
Q

Spleen

A

the largest lymphatic organ, which stores white blood cells and allows them to mature.

56
Q

Pancreas

A

The organ that makes fluids that break down every type of material found in foods

57
Q

Enzyme

A

a chemical the body uses to break down large molecules into smaller molecules.

58
Q

Liver

A

makes and releases bile to break up large fat droplets into smaller pieces

59
Q

Kidney

A

one of a pair of organs that remove waste from the blood

60
Q

Nephron

A

microscopic structures in the kidneys that filter blood

61
Q

Ureters

A

tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder

62
Q

Bladder

A

a saclike organ that stores urine

63
Q

Urethra

A

the tube that connects the bladder to the outside of the body to expel urine

64
Q

Urine

A

water and waste that was filtered out of the blood into a liquid form

65
Q

Esophagus

A

a long tube that connects the throat to the stomach and moves food when you swallow

66
Q

Stomach

A

a muscular bag that crushes food and contains acids and enzymes for killing bacteria and breaking down proteins. Its walls contain layers of muscle

67
Q

Small intestine

A

a muscular tube where most chemical digestion takes place and most nutrients are absorbed

68
Q

Large intestine

A

Where water and nutrients are absorbed and waste is compacted and stored

69
Q

Brain

A

the body’s central command organ, which constantly receives impulses from all over the body

70
Q

Dendrite

A

short, branched extensions of the cell body that allows neurons to communicate with other cells. Each neuron can have many of these

71
Q

Spinal Cord

A

made up of bundles of nerves, it allows your brain to communicate with the rest of your body

72
Q

Nueron

A

a cell that moves messages in the form of fast-moving electrical energy.

73
Q

axon

A

Each neuron has only one of these. It’s an extension of the neuron, and can be long or short. Its function is to move messages

74
Q

Hormone

A

a chemical messenger made in one cell or tissue that causes a change in another cell or tissue in a different part of the body. These are produced by endocrine glands or tissues

75
Q

Gland

A

a group of cells that make special chemicals for the body

76
Q

Sperm

A

male cells that are used for reproduction

77
Q

Vagina

A

the canal between the uterus and the outside of the female body

78
Q

Testes

A

the canal between the uterus and the outside of the female body

79
Q

Embryo

A

A fertilized egg

80
Q

Penis

A

the organ that delivers semen into the female reproductive system

81
Q

Placenta

A

a network of blood vessels that provides the embryo with oxygen and nutrients from the mother’s blood and carries away wastes

82
Q

Egg

A

The Female Sex Cell

83
Q

Ovary

A

the reproductive organ that produces eggs

84
Q

Uterus

A

the female organ in which a fertilized egg develops into a baby

85
Q

Umbilical cord

A

the connection between the placenta and the baby

86
Q

Fetus

A

10 weeks after an embryo has been fertilized, it becomes this.

87
Q

Pathogen

A

an organism, virus, or protein that causes disease.

88
Q

B cell

A

make antibodies that attach to specific antigens

89
Q

Antibody

A

a specialized protein that binds to a specific antigen to tag it for destruction

90
Q

Macrophage

A

a white blood cell that destroys pathogens by engulfing and digesting them

91
Q

Immunity

A

the ability to resist or recover from an infectious disease or from the body being vaccinated

92
Q

T cell

A

coordinate the body’s immune system

93
Q

Vaccine

A

a substance prepared from killed or weakened pathogens that is introduced into the body to produce immunity

94
Q

Noninfectious disease

A

diseases that are caused by hereditary or environmental factors

95
Q

Infectious disease

A

a disease that is caused by a pathogen like bacteria, fungi, or parasites, which are all alive

96
Q

Antibiotic

A

a medicine used to kill or slow the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms, such as fungi

97
Q

Antiviral drug

A

a medicine that destroys viruses or prevents their replication

98
Q

Viruses

A

tiny particles that have their own genetic material but depend on living things to reproduce. They cause disease and may be spread by air, contact, or the transfer of body fluids

99
Q

Bacteria

A

Most are beneficial to other living things, but some cause disease.

100
Q

Fungi

A

pathogens that cause skin infections that can be passed on through contact. Some are beneficial when they break down dead plants or animals.

101
Q

Parasite

A

an organism that lives on and feeds on another organism, harming the host

102
Q
A

Science Finals (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions