DNA structure and function

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

deoxyribonucleic acid. The genetic material of a cell, which contains information needed for the cell’s growth and other activities

Question 2

Mutation

Answer 2

changes in the number, type, or order of bases on a piece of DNA

Question 3

Nucleotide

Answer 3

a base, a sugar, and a phosphate group make up this building block of DNA

Question 4

RNA

Answer 4

ribonucleic acid, it has a sugar-phosphate backbone with Adenine, Guanine, and Cytosine. Instead of Thymine it has Uracil

Question 5

Replication

Answer 5

the cell is able to make copies of DNA molecules through this process

Question 6

Ribosome

Answer 6

a cell organelle made if ribosomal RNA and protein

Question 7

Transcription

Answer 7

when a cell needs a set of instructions for making a protein, it first makes an RNA copy of the necessary section of DNA in this process.

Question 8

Biotechnology

Answer 8

the use and application of living things and biological processes. This is not a new scientific field.

Question 9

Artificial selection

Answer 9

the process of selecting and breeding organisms that have certain desired traits.

Question 10

Genetic engineering

Answer 10

the process in which a piece of DNA is modified for use in research, medicine, agriculture, and industry.

Question 11

Clone

Answer 11

an organism, cell, or piece of genetic material that is genetically identical to the one from which it was derived