Human Body

Question 1

Name the three main types of joints

Answer 1

Fixed joints
partly movable joints
fully movable joints

Question 2

Define a fixed joint

Answer 2

a fixed joint has little movement. e.g. the bones of the skull

Question 3

Define a partly movable joint

Answer 3

a parrtly movable joint has restricted movement between the bones e.g. the vertebrae

Question 4

Define a fully movable joint

Answer 4

a fully movable joint that has a great range of movement e.g. the shoulder

Question 5

Define the definition of the joint

Answer 5

a joint is formed where two or more bones meet.

Question 6

Explain antagonistic pairs

Answer 6

mucles are usually arranged in pairs that when one pulls (contracts), the other relaxes. These are called antagonistic pairs

Question 7

Define the process of respiration

Answer 7

The energy stored in food released by the process called resperation. It takes place in all cells and uses oxygen to break down energy in glucose to create energy. Carbon dioxide and water is a byproduct that is expelled from the body.

Question 8

Define the process gaseous exchange

Answer 8

• occurs in the aveoil
• the concentration of oxygen in the air in the alveoli is higher than in the blood, and the carbon dioxide concentration in the blood is higher than the alveoli
• e.g. oxygen diffuses from the air to the blood, and carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood to the air in the aveoil

Question 9

Define breathing

Answer 9

The mechanical process by which air is moved in and out of the gas exchage system

Question 10

Identify parts of the breathing system

Answer 10

Larynx, tranchea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, cartilige rings, ribs, diaphram

Question 11

The function of the diaphram

Answer 11

A muscle that extends from the bottom of the ribs and separates the thoracic cavity from the abdomen

Question 12

The function of the larynx (voice box)

Answer 12

Houses the vocal chords

Question 13

The function of the tranchea

Answer 13

The pipe where air travels from the larynx to the lungs

Question 14

The function of the bronchi

Answer 14

Pipes connecting the trachea to the lungs

Question 15

The function of bronchioles

Answer 15

Supply air to the alveoil

Question 16

The function of Alveoli

Answer 16

Air sacs lnied with cappillaries

Question 17

the function of diaphram

Answer 17

Muscle that contracts and relaxes to change size of the thoracic activity.

Question 18

Describe the mechanism of breathing

Answer 18

The lungs are contained within an airtight cavity (the thorax), that is connected to the outside through the tranchea.
Changes in the air pressure inside the cavity cause air to either move in or out of the lungs
During inhalation or inspration, the diaphram contracts and the intercoastals muscles life the rib cage.
The volume of thoracic cavity increases.
Air pressure drops causing air to enter the lungs.
During exhalation or expiration, the reverse happens. The diaphram relaxes and the intercaostals muscles relax.
The ribcage moves down and inwards. The thoratic cavity decreases in size. Air pressure increases and air is pushed out.

Question 19

Equation for respiration

Answer 19

glucose + oxygen —-> energy + carbon dioxide + water

Question 20

Give examples of antagonistic pairs

Answer 20

Biceps & triceps
hamstrings & quadircepts
gluteus maximus & hip flexors

Question 21

What are the differences between ateries, veins and capillaries

Answer 21

Arteries transport blood away from the heart. Veins return blood back toward the heart. Capillaries surround body cells and tissues to deliver and absorb oxygen, nutrients, and other substances.

Question 22

What is the function of a valve?

Answer 22

The valve prevents the backward flow of blood.

Question 23

Difference between tendons and ligaments

Answer 23

tendons = muscle to bone
ligaments = bone to bone