Human Body Flashcards
Name the three main types of joints
Fixed joints
partly movable joints
fully movable joints
Define a fixed joint
a fixed joint has little movement. e.g. the bones of the skull
Define a partly movable joint
a parrtly movable joint has restricted movement between the bones e.g. the vertebrae
Define a fully movable joint
a fully movable joint that has a great range of movement e.g. the shoulder
Define the definition of the joint
a joint is formed where two or more bones meet.
Explain antagonistic pairs
mucles are usually arranged in pairs that when one pulls (contracts), the other relaxes. These are called antagonistic pairs
Define the process of respiration
The energy stored in food released by the process called resperation. It takes place in all cells and uses oxygen to break down energy in glucose to create energy. Carbon dioxide and water is a byproduct that is expelled from the body.
Define the process gaseous exchange
- occurs in the aveoil
- the concentration of oxygen in the air in the alveoli is higher than in the blood, and the carbon dioxide concentration in the blood is higher than the alveoli
- e.g. oxygen diffuses from the air to the blood, and carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood to the air in the aveoil
Define breathing
The mechanical process by which air is moved in and out of the gas exchage system
Identify parts of the breathing system
Larynx, tranchea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, cartilige rings, ribs, diaphram
The function of the diaphram
A muscle that extends from the bottom of the ribs and separates the thoracic cavity from the abdomen
The function of the larynx (voice box)
Houses the vocal chords
The function of the tranchea
The pipe where air travels from the larynx to the lungs
The function of the bronchi
Pipes connecting the trachea to the lungs
The function of bronchioles
Supply air to the alveoil
The function of Alveoli
Air sacs lnied with cappillaries
the function of diaphram
Muscle that contracts and relaxes to change size of the thoracic activity.
Describe the mechanism of breathing
The lungs are contained within an airtight cavity (the thorax), that is connected to the outside through the tranchea.
Changes in the air pressure inside the cavity cause air to either move in or out of the lungs
During inhalation or inspration, the diaphram contracts and the intercoastals muscles life the rib cage.
The volume of thoracic cavity increases.
Air pressure drops causing air to enter the lungs.
During exhalation or expiration, the reverse happens. The diaphram relaxes and the intercaostals muscles relax.
The ribcage moves down and inwards. The thoratic cavity decreases in size. Air pressure increases and air is pushed out.
Equation for respiration
glucose + oxygen —-> energy + carbon dioxide + water
Give examples of antagonistic pairs
Biceps & triceps
hamstrings & quadircepts
gluteus maximus & hip flexors
What are the differences between ateries, veins and capillaries
Arteries transport blood away from the heart. Veins return blood back toward the heart. Capillaries surround body cells and tissues to deliver and absorb oxygen, nutrients, and other substances.
What is the function of a valve?
The valve prevents the backward flow of blood.
Difference between tendons and ligaments
tendons = muscle to bone
ligaments = bone to bone
