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Human Body Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Name the 7 components of a healthy diet

A

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Vitamins, Minerals, Water,
Fibre

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2
Q

What are lipids?

A

Fats and oils

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3
Q

What does the body use lipids for?

A

Energy, Insulation and protection of organs

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4
Q

What does the body use protein for?

A

Growth and repair of body tissues

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5
Q

What does the body use vitamins and minerals for?

A

Keeping you healthy in small amounts

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6
Q

What does the body use water for?

A

Prevention of dehydration because all cells in the body contain water

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7
Q

What does the body use fibre for?

A

Prevention of constipation as it keeps the food moving through the digestive system

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8
Q

What would you use to test food for starch?

A

Add iodine

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9
Q

What would show that starch is present

A

It would turn into a blue/black color

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10
Q

How would you test solid food for lipids

A

Rub the solid foods on apiece of filter paper. Hold it in light and If it goes transparent it means that the lipids are there

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11
Q

How do you make a solution of food

A

Crush the food and mix it really well with water

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12
Q

How do you test food for sugar

A

Add a few drops of bendicts solutions and heat it up in a water bath

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13
Q

How do you know if sugar is present in food

A

When you add some benedicts solution it will turn orange/red

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14
Q

How do you test food for protein

A

You add buirets solution to the food

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15
Q

How do you know if protein is present in food

A

When you add the buirets solution, it will turn purple

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16
Q

What is the energy in food measured in

A

Joules

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17
Q

What is a kilojoule

A

1000 joules

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18
Q

What do we suffer if we have no food

A

Starvation

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19
Q

What do we become if we do not eat enough

A

Underweight

20
Q

Give 3 problems caused by being underweight

A

Poor immune system
Lack of energy
Lack of vitamins/ minerals

21
Q

What do we become if we eat too much food or foods containing a lot of fat

A

Overweight

22
Q

What Do we call someone who is extremely overweight

A

Obese

23
Q

Give 4 problems caused by being overweight

A

Heart disease
Some cancers
Diabetes
Stroke

24
Q

What is the term for being short of a certain vitamin or mineral

A

Deficiency

25
Q

Waht does a deficiency of vitamin A cause

A

Night blindness so they are unable to see in dim light

26
Q

What does a vitamin D deficiency cause

A

Rickets meaning weak bones

27
Q

How does more exercise affect the amount of energy you need

A

It increases the amount of energy you need

28
Q

What happens during digestion

A

Large molecules are broken down into smaller ones

29
Q

Why does digestion make larger molecules into smaller ones

A

In order for it to pass into the blood

30
Q

What is an enzyme

A

A biological catalyst meaning something that speeds up chemical reactions without being used up

31
Q

What do enzymes do in digestion

A

They break down larger molecules into smaller ones

32
Q

Name 3 enzymes

A

Carbohydrase
Protease
Lipase

33
Q

What does carbohydrase do

A

Breaks down carbohydrates such as starch down into sugar molecules

34
Q

What does protease do

A

Breaks down proteins into amino acids

35
Q

What does lipase do

A

Breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

36
Q

What does bile do

A

Helps lipase to work by breaking lipids into smaller droplets which are easier to work on

37
Q

What does the small intestine do

A

Absorbs glucose from food into the blood

38
Q

Which part of the blood transports the glucose

A

The Plasma

39
Q

What is the Plasma

A

The liquid part of the blood

40
Q

What do red blood cells contain which carries oxygen

A

Haemoglobin

41
Q

Which part of the blood carries Carbon Dioxide

A

The Plasma

42
Q

What process releasesenergy from food without oxygen

A

Anaerobic Respiration

43
Q

What do humans make during Anaerobic Respiration

A

Lactic Acid

44
Q

What does lactic acid cause

A

Muscle Cramps

45
Q

What is oxygen debt

A

Breathing heavily after exercise to get oxygen to break down lactic acid

46
Q

What are the products of Anaerobic Repiration in yeast

A

Ethanol
Carbon Dioxide

47
Q

What do we call Anaerobic Respiration in yeast

A

Fermentation

Science (17 decks)

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