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Bio > Human Body 1 > Flashcards

Human Body 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Requirements for Living organisms

A

M - Movement
R - Respiration
S - Sensitivity

G - Growth
R - Reproduction
E - Excretion
N - Nutrition

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2
Q

Movement definition

A

An action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place

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3
Q

Respiration def

A

The chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism

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4
Q

Sensitivity definition

A

Ability to detect a stimulus/change in the internal or external environment and have an appropriate response

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5
Q

Growth definition

A

Permanent increase in size and dry mass by an increase in cell size or cell number or both

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6
Q

Excretion def

A

Removal of organisms of the waste products of metabolism (chemical reactions in cells including respiration), toxic materials and substances in excess of the requirement

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7
Q

Nutrition definition

A

Taking in of materials for energy for growth and development

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8
Q

Nutrition requirement of plants

A

Light
Water
Ions
CO2

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9
Q

Nutrition requirement of animals

A

Ions
Water
Organic compounds

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10
Q

What are living organisms made out of

A

cells

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11
Q

Levels of organisms

A

Organ systems

Organs

Tissues

Cells

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12
Q

Cells def

A

Structural and functional unit in a living system

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13
Q

Tissues

A

Groups of cells with similar structures working together to perform the same function (contains only one type of cell)

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14
Q

Organs defination

A

Made from different tissues working together to perform specific functions

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15
Q

Organ systems

A
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16
Q

Diff plant and animal cell (on cell wall)

A

Plant cell has a cell wall unlike animal cell

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17
Q

Diff plant and animal cell (on cell membrane)

A

In plant cell
Present internal to the cell wall

In animal cell
Forms boundary in cell

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18
Q

Diff plant and animal cell (cell wall made up of)

A

In plant cell
Cell wall is made up of cellulose

In animal cell
No cell wall

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19
Q

Diff plant and animal cell (chloroplasts)

A

In plant cell
Contain chloroplast

In animal cell
Dont have chloroplast

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20
Q

Diff plant and animal cell (nervous coordination)

A

In plant cell
Dont have nervous coordination

In animal cell
have nervous coordination

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21
Q

Diff plant and animal cell (shape)

A

In plant cell
rectangular

In animal cell
spherical

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22
Q

Two types of microscopes

A

Light (organelles not visible)

Electron (organelles not visible)

Note:-
( organelles ribosomes mitochondrion)

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23
Q

Function of nucleus

A

Contains genetic material which controls activities (growth and working) of the cell

Controls cell division

24
Q

What is the cytoplasm

A

Gel like substance that contains water and dissolved solutes

25
Q

Cytoplasm function

A

Supports internal structures

Site of many chemical reactions (like respiration)

26
Q

Cell membrane

A

Holds the cell together separating the inside of the cell from the outside

Its semi-permeable, controlling which substances enter and leave the cell

27
Q

Cell wall function

A

Made from cellulose (in plant)

Gives the cell extra support

Defines shape of the cell

28
Q

Chloroplasts function

A

Contains green chlorophyll pigments (to absorb light energy) and enzymes needed to photosynthesis

29
Q

Permanent vacuole (contains and function)

A

Contains cell sap (solution of sugars and solvents dissolved in water)

Used for storage of certain materials

Also helps support the shape of the cell

30
Q

Ribosomes (found)

A

Ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm

31
Q

Ribosomes function

A

Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis

32
Q

Mitochondria function

A

Site of the most reactions
(like aerobic respiration where energy is released to fuel cellular processes)

33
Q

Where is the mitochondria most present

A

Cells with high rates of metabolism (carrying out many different cell reactions) have higher mitochondrion than cells with fewer reactions taking place

34
Q

Name 3 specialized cells in animals

A

Sperm and egg

Ciliated

Red blood cells

35
Q

Name 2 specialized cells in plants

A

Root hair

Palisade mesophyll cells

36
Q

What are ciliated cells

A

Small structures present on mammalian cells

(diff from villi/microvilli)

37
Q

Ciliated cells function

A

Movement of mucus in trachea and bronchi (nose)

38
Q

What are cilia

A

Extensions of cell membrane

39
Q

Red blood cells (shape)

A

Biconcave shape

40
Q

What part of RBC has haemoglobin

A

Cytoplasm

41
Q

Why do RBCs have a biconcave shape

A

Have biconcave shape due to lack of nucleus

42
Q

Function of root hair cells

A

Absorption of water and mineral ions from the soil

43
Q

Palisade mesophyll cells function

A

Contains chloroplasts that are used for photosynthesis

44
Q

Palisade mesophyll cells found

A

On surface of leaf in plants

45
Q

Function of RBC (Red blood cells)

A

Transport O2

Contain hemoglobin which combine with o2

46
Q

Magnification unit

A

Magnification has no unit
(It is magnified by a factor of x1000)

47
Q

Magnification formula

A

Magnification = Image size ÷ Actual size

48
Q

Magnification triangle

A

I
___
M*A

Magnification = image size / actual size.

49
Q

Convert micrometer (μm) to millimeter (mm)

A

1mm = 1000 μm

50
Q

Convert micrometer (μm) to centimeter (cm)

A

1 cm = 10000 μm

51
Q

Micrometer symbol/sign

A

μm

52
Q

What is μm

A

micrometer

53
Q

Cytoplasm of RBC contains

A

haemoglobin

54
Q

Xylem transports

A

Water

55
Q

Phloem transports

A

Food

56
Q

Xylem walls contain

A

Lignin

57
Q

In nerve cells

What is the myelin sheet made from

A

Schwann cells

Bio (16 decks)

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