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Bio > HC3 Digestion > Flashcards

HC3 Digestion Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Assimilation

A

Movement of digested food molecules into the cells of the body where they are used, becoming part of the cell.

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2
Q

Ingestion

A

Taking in of substances (food/drinks) into the body through the mouth.

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3
Q

Mechanical Digestion

A

Breakdown of food into smaller particles without chemical changes to the food molecule

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4
Q

Digestion

A

Breakdown of large complex insoluble molecules into small simple water-soluble molecules using mechanical or chemical processes

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5
Q

What are 4 types of teeth

A

Incisors
Canines
Pre-Molars
Molars

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6
Q

No of each type of teeth in a jaw
Incisors
Canines
Pre-Molars
Molars

A

Incisors - 4
Canines - 2
Pre-Molars - 4
Molars - 6

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7
Q

Total no of teeth

A

In a jaw - 16
In the mouth - 32

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8
Q

Parts of the teeth

A

Enamel
(outer hardest layer made up of calcium)

Dentine

Pulp Cavity

Cement

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9
Q

Peristalsis

A

Peristalsis is a series of wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract. It starts in the esophagus where strong wave-like motions of the smooth muscle move balls of swallowed food to the stomach.

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10
Q

Where is water reabsorbed by the body

A

Large intestine

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11
Q

Where is bile produced

A

Liver

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12
Q

Where is bile stored

A

Gall blader

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13
Q

Where is maltase produced

A

Small intestine

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14
Q

Enzyme produced in mouth

A

Salivary amylase

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15
Q

Acid produced in stomach

A

HCL

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16
Q

Assimilation

A

Assimilation is the process by which absorbed food becomes a part of the body (and is also used in respiration). For example, amino acids are used to build new proteins.

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17
Q

Microvilli Villi

A

These are finger-like projections that increase the surface area over which molecules are absorbed.

18
Q

Lacteal

A

These blood vessels in villi aid in the absorption of fats after digestion. Lacteals carry a fluid called lymph and fats are transported through this to blood vessels.

19
Q

Enzymes produced by liver

A

Amylase
Protease
Lipase

20
Q

Small intestine

First part -
Second part -

A

First part - Duodenum
Second part - ileum

21
Q

Villi are located

A

ileum - second part of small intestine

22
Q

Small intestine pH

A

Alkaline 8-9

23
Q

Which comes first small or large intestine

A

Small to large intestine

24
Q

Function of bile

A

Emulsifies fats (breaks from large droplets to small)
Eg of mechanical digestion

25
Q

Function of gall bladder

A

Stores bile till its released in duodenum

26
Q

Amalase

A
27
Q

Sensitivity

A

Ability to detect change/stimuli in the environment

28
Q

Enzyme breaking down proteins

A

protease

29
Q

proteins are broken into

A

amino acids

30
Q

Where does proteins break down into amino acids using protease

A

stomach, small intestine in duodenum

31
Q

Starch/carbohydrates are broken by which enzyme

A

amalase

32
Q

starch/carbohydrates are broken down into _ using amylase

A

glucose and simple sugars

33
Q

where is starch/carbohydrates are broken down into glucose and simple sugars using amylase

A

mouth, duodenum

34
Q

fats/lipids are broken down into _ using lipids in the pancreas

A

fatty acids/gycerol

35
Q

fats/lipids are broken down into fatty acids/glycerol using lipids in the

A

fats/lipids are broken down into _ using lipids in the pancreas

36
Q

fats/lipids are broken down into fatty acids/glycerol using __ in the pancreas

A

lipase

37
Q

Villi blood capillaries function

A

transport glucose and amino acids away from intestine

38
Q

villi lacteal function

A

runs through villi centre

transport fatty acids and glycerol

39
Q

hcl in stomach function

A

breaks down food

gives low pH for stomach enzymes to work

40
Q

bile function

A

neutralises the hcl coming from stomach

alkaline

breaks down large droplets of fat - emulsification

41
Q

villi are found

A

in ileum (2nd part small int)

42
Q

Acronym for eqs

A

Ps
Am
L

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