Human Activity Intentionally Causes Change Within CLS Flashcards
Where has human activity INTENTIONALLY caused change?
Sea Palling
What is the main management decision?
“Hold the line”
What are the four types of management being used?
Recurved Sea Wall
Rock Armor
Beach Replenishment
Rock Reefs
What year was the management plan from that they are trying to counteract?
1995
How many off shore bars were built in 1995 and how much did they cost?
4
£5.9 million
How long were the 1995 bars and what was the space between them?
240m long
240m gap
What happened in the sheltered water behind the 1995 reefs?
Deposition > Tombolo effect
________ at Eccles stopped ___ to Sea Palling
Groynes
LSD
What consequence did the sand linking the 1995 bars to the shore have?
Interrupted LSD
Increased erosion further along
What is the Norfolk coastline made of?
Unconsolidated sediment
What is the annual amount of coastal retreat in Norfolk when unprotected?
2m/year
How many people does the beach support?
140,000 people in wider Broadland region
How much money do tourists bring in annually?
£3 million
What sectors does the beach support? (4)
Local employment
Energy
Tourism
Food production
Describe the rock reefs in the 1996 Shoreline Management Plan
5 rock reefs
160m long 160m gap
1.2m above sea level
How much did the 1996 rock reefs cost?
£10.5 million
How much did the 1996 SMP reduce overall defense costs by annually?
£1.5-2 million
What was the impact of beach replenishment?
Greater absorption of incoming kinetic energy
What was the impact of the rock reefs?
Prevent coast extending too far out to sea reducing the sediment store
What was the impact of rock armor?
Dissipates kinetic energy preventing erosion of landforms like dunes and removal of sand from the shore
What was the impact of the recurved sea wall?
Reflects kinetic energy preventing erosion of landforms such as dunes and removal of sand from the shore
What happened to the beach on the whole post 1996?
Widened and steepened
What happened to LSD post 1996?
Waves go over the rock reefs so the beach could grow from the sediment deposition
Where does the beach supply sediment to?
Waxham
What direction does sediment move?
South as the PW is from the North
How far above sea level were the 1995 off shore bars?
2.8m
