Human Activity Intentionally Causes Change Within CLS

Question 1

Where has human activity INTENTIONALLY caused change?

Answer 1

Sea Palling

Question 2

What is the main management decision?

Answer 2

“Hold the line”

Question 3

What are the four types of management being used?

Answer 3

Recurved Sea Wall
Rock Armor
Beach Replenishment
Rock Reefs

Question 4

What year was the management plan from that they are trying to counteract?

Answer 4

1995

Question 5

How many off shore bars were built in 1995 and how much did they cost?

Answer 5

4
£5.9 million

Question 6

How long were the 1995 bars and what was the space between them?

Answer 6

240m long
240m gap

Question 7

What happened in the sheltered water behind the 1995 reefs?

Answer 7

Deposition > Tombolo effect

Question 8

________ at Eccles stopped ___ to Sea Palling

Answer 8

Groynes
LSD

Question 9

What consequence did the sand linking the 1995 bars to the shore have?

Answer 9

Interrupted LSD
Increased erosion further along

Question 10

What is the Norfolk coastline made of?

Answer 10

Unconsolidated sediment

Question 11

What is the annual amount of coastal retreat in Norfolk when unprotected?

Answer 11

2m/year

Question 12

How many people does the beach support?

Answer 12

140,000 people in wider Broadland region

Question 13

How much money do tourists bring in annually?

Answer 13

£3 million

Question 14

What sectors does the beach support? (4)

Answer 14

Local employment
Energy
Tourism
Food production

Question 15

Describe the rock reefs in the 1996 Shoreline Management Plan

Answer 15

5 rock reefs
160m long 160m gap
1.2m above sea level

Question 16

How much did the 1996 rock reefs cost?

Answer 16

£10.5 million

Question 17

How much did the 1996 SMP reduce overall defense costs by annually?

Answer 17

£1.5-2 million

Question 18

What was the impact of beach replenishment?

Answer 18

Greater absorption of incoming kinetic energy

Question 19

What was the impact of the rock reefs?

Answer 19

Prevent coast extending too far out to sea reducing the sediment store

Question 20

What was the impact of rock armor?

Answer 20

Dissipates kinetic energy preventing erosion of landforms like dunes and removal of sand from the shore

Question 21

What was the impact of the recurved sea wall?

Answer 21

Reflects kinetic energy preventing erosion of landforms such as dunes and removal of sand from the shore

Question 22

What happened to the beach on the whole post 1996?

Answer 22

Widened and steepened

Question 23

What happened to LSD post 1996?

Answer 23

Waves go over the rock reefs so the beach could grow from the sediment deposition

Question 24

Where does the beach supply sediment to?

Answer 24

Waxham

Question 25

What direction does sediment move?

Answer 25

South as the PW is from the North

Question 26

How far above sea level were the 1995 off shore bars?

Answer 26

2.8m