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Coastal Landscape Case Studies > Coastal Landforms Are Inter-Related In Low Energy Coastline > Flashcards

Coastal Landforms Are Inter-Related In Low Energy Coastline Flashcards

1
Q

Where is this coastline?

A

The Rhone Delta, France

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2
Q

How long has the delta been forming for?

A

Past 7000 years since sea level rise

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3
Q

What happened in the 18th century?

A

A flood moved one of the channels, meaning sediment at mouth moved forming Beauduc Spit

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4
Q

What happened in the 19th century?

A

Mouth changed position because human management made three channels into one

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5
Q

What is the total length of the delta?

A

90km

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6
Q

What is the area of the delta?

A

1740km

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7
Q

What dominates the delta? (2)

A

Waves
LSD deposits

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8
Q

What sea does the river Rhone go into?

A

Mediterranean Sea

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9
Q

What are the two places the delta is between?

A

Grande Rhone
Petit Rhone

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10
Q

What percentage of river water does the Grande Rhone take to the sea?

A

85%

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11
Q

What are the four characteristics of a low energy zone?

A

Enclosed shape = short fetch
Low wind speeds
Low wave height and energy
High sediment accumulation

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12
Q

How many tonnes of sediment on average were deposited in the delta in 1990?

A

50 tonnes/min

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13
Q

How many tonnes of sediment was deposited in total in 2000?

A

1.5 million tonnes/year

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14
Q

Why was the delta managed in 2000?

A

Prevent flooding and for HEP

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15
Q

Why is accumulation so high in the delta?

A

Low tidal range (0.3m)
Mediterranean sea is very saline > flocculation

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16
Q

What landform comes from the SW-NE LSD?

A

Gracieuse spit across Port St-Luis at Marseilles

17
Q

What do converging LSD currents form?

A

Onshore bars

18
Q

LSD moves sand behind onshore bars and spits what does this form?

A

Lagoons / etangs

19
Q

What kind of plant species colonises dunes?

A

Marram grass

20
Q

Name two features of marram grasses

A

Long roots to stabalise
Adapted to saline conditions

21
Q

How are dunes formed?

A

Wind from sea moves dry sand through saltation, trapped by berms or obstacles, colonised by plants

22
Q

What are the two categories of recent changes?

A

Erosion
Coastal Retreat

23
Q

What is the average sea level rise since 1950?

A

2mm/year

24
Q

What is the average retreat of the delta and where is it most noticeable?

A

2-8m
Stes-Maries

25
Q

How much did authorities spend on coastal protection?

A

15 million euros

26
Q

What is the largest fetch and where does it come from?

A

900km
SW

27
Q

Why is coastal retreat happening?

A

Increased storm activity
Reduced river input

28
Q

What type of management is there?

A

Riprap
Groynes
Sea walls

Coastal Landscape Case Studies (4 decks)

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