HTN + Cardiac Pathologies Flashcards
what is the double product?
DP = HR X SBP
describe the BP categories
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/353/853/521/a_image_thumb.jpg?1629563394)
types of HTN
- Essential or primary HTN
- no known cause
- 90% of cases
- Secondary HTN
- caused by conditions that affect your kidneys, arteries, heart or endocrine system
- 10% of all HTN cases
- treatment focuses on managment of the underlying cause
how can HTN impact renal function?
- uncontrolled high BP can cause arteries in the glomeruli to narrow, weaken or harden
- these damaged arteries deliver less and less filtrate to the nephron
- the kidneys perceive this reduce filtration as a reason to increase water and sodium reabsorption resulting in increased blood volume and therefore BP
how can diabetes impact renal function and thus BP?
- chronically elevated glucose levels damages glomerular filtration, reducing glomerular filtration
- kidney responds by reabsorping more water and sodium, increasing fluid volume and blood pressure
how does HTN result in a pathologic heart?
- results in pathologic cardiac hypertrophy
- causes fibrosis rendering the heart stiffer
- HFpEF
- Myocyte hypertrophy
- accelerated myocyte death
- reduced capillarization/reduced blood flow
what is cor pulmonale?
aks pulmonary heart disease
enlargement/dysfunction of the right ventricle caused by a primary pulmonary disorder like pulmonary HTN
symptoms of cor pulmonale
- chest pain
- fatigue
- bilateral LE edema
- syncope or passing out
diseases of the lung and pulmonary vessels associated with cor pulmonale
- lung diseases
- COPD
- diffuse pulmonary interstitial fibrosis
- extensive, persistent atelectasis (collapsed lung)
- cystic fibrosis
- pulmonary embolism
- pulmonary vessel diseases
- pulmonary vascular sclerosis
- drug, toxin, XTR induced vascular stenosis
diseases affecting chest wall movement
- kyphoscolosis
- marked obesity
- neuromuscular disease
diseases inducing pulmonary arteriolar constriction
- hypoxemia
- airway constriction
- hypoventilation
- chronic altitude sickness
List the 11 steps for taking BP
- pt rests for 5 minutes
- legs uncrossed
- feet flat on floor
- arm supported
- correct cuff size
- cuff placed over bare arm
- no talking
- no mobile phone use or reading
- BP measurements taken in both arms
- correctly ID BP from arm with higher reading as being clincially more important
- correctly ID which arm to use for future readings (arm with higher BP)
what is a cardiomyopathy
disorder within the cardiac myocytes themselves which results in abnormal cellular and hence cardiac performance
reduced EF predicts mortality and morbidity
list types of cardiomyopathies
- dilated cardiomyopathy → enlarged ventricles
- hypertrophic cardiomyopathy → thickened, stiffened walls
- restrictive cardiomyopathy → stiffened walls
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/354/008/177/a_image_thumb.jpg?1629674297)
describe dilated cardiomyopathy
characterized by abnormal cardiac morphology (ie chamber dilation) and contractile impairment resulting in decreased EF and/or SV