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Cardio Pulmonary > Cardiac Surface Anatomy and Heart Ausculatation > Flashcards

Cardiac Surface Anatomy and Heart Ausculatation Flashcards

1
Q

List the superficial landmarks for the boundaries of the heart

A
  • 2nd L rib
  • 3rd R rib
  • 6th R rib
  • 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line
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2
Q

superficial landmark for the base of the heart

A

2nd intercostal space

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3
Q

superficial landmark for the apex of the heart?

A

projects into the 5th intercostal space at the level of the midclavicular line

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4
Q

superficial landmark for the pulmonary valve

A

upper level of 3rd L costal cartilage

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5
Q

superficial landmark for the aortic valve

A

at the level of 3rd costal cartilage, medial and below the pulmonary valve

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6
Q

superficial landmark of the mitral valve (left AV valve)

A

4th costal cartilage

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7
Q

superficial landmark of the tricuspid valve (right AV valve)

A

4th costal caritlage on the R side

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8
Q

superficial landmark for the ascending aorta

A
  1. beginning at the level of the lower border of the L 3rd costal cartiglage
  2. up to the R 2nd costal cartilage
  3. at the sternal angle

it passes obliquely upward, forward and to the right

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9
Q

superficial landmarks for the aortic arch

A
  1. behind the lower half of the manubrium
  2. upper convex border
    • marked by a line that begins at the R end of the sternal angle, arches upward and the left through the centre of the manubrium
  3. ends at the sternal end of the L 2nd costal cartilage
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10
Q

superficial landmarks for the descending thoracic aorta

A
  1. descending thoracic aorta is marked by 2 parallel lines 2.5 cm apart
    • begins at the sternal end of the L 2nd costal cartialge
    • passes downwards and medially
    • ends in the medial plane 2.5 cm above transpyloric plane (Addison’s plane)
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11
Q

superficial landmarks for the Superior Vena Cava

A
  1. lower border of the R 1st costal cartilage to the upper border of the 3rd R costal cartilage
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12
Q

superficial landmarks of the Inferior Vena Cava

A
  1. situated opposite the upper margin of the 6th R costal cartilage about 2 cm from the midsternal line
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13
Q

Auscultation site for the aortic area

A

2nd IC space close to and to the R of the sternum

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14
Q

Auscultation site for the Pulmonary Area

A

2nd IC space and the to L of the sternum

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15
Q

Erb’s Point/Murmurs

A

3rd IC and to the L of the sternum

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16
Q

Auscultation site for the Tricuspid area

A

4th or 5th IC space and lower L sternal border

17
Q

Auscultation site for the apex of the heart

A

5th IC space medial to the mid-clavicular line

18
Q

Normal Heart sounds

A

S1 (Lub)

S2 (Dub)

19
Q

what is the S1 heart sound?

A

mitral and tricuspid valves closing

(heard best at mitral area and tricuspid area)

20
Q

What is the S2 heart sound?

A

Aortic and pulmonic valves closing

(heard best at aortic area but be heard anywhere)

21
Q

Abnormal heart sounds

A

3rd and 4th heart sounds

22
Q

what is the 3rd heart sound?

A
  1. a rare extra heart sound that occurs soon after the normal 2 “lub-dub” heart sounds (S1 and S2).
    • Associated with HF
    • Occurs at the beginning of the middle 3rd of diastole
    • this rhythm produces a rhythm classically compared to the cadence of the word “Kentucky” with the final syllable CKY
23
Q

what is the 4th heart sound?

A
  1. a rare extra heart sound that occurs immediately before the normal 2 “lub-dub” heart sounds
    • occurs just after atrial contraction and immediately before the systolic S1
    • caused by the atria contracting forcefully in an effort to overcome an abnormally stiff or hypertrophic ventricle
    • classically compared to the cadence of the word “Tennesse”
    • One can also use the phrase “A stiff wall” to help with the cadence
      • A = S4
      • stiff = S1
      • wall = S2
24
Q

what factors are we taking note of when taking a pt’s pulse?

A
  1. Rate
    • normal
    • tachycardia
    • bradycardia
  2. Character
    • bounding
    • weak
  3. Pulse Rhythm
    • regular
    • irregular
    • intermittent
25
Q

Locations for taking a pulse

A
  1. Radial
  2. Brachial
  3. Femoral
  4. Popliteal
  5. Posterior Tibial/Tibialis Posterior
  6. Dorsalis Pedis

Cardio Pulmonary (21 decks)

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