HTN and CHF Flashcards
What factors make up BP?
HR x SV x PVR
How does CO impact volume?
CO = HR x SV, decreased CO -> decreased RBF -> decreased RPP _> decreased GFR -> increased volume
What is proportional with renin?
volume. decreased volume = increased renin, increased volume = decreased renin
What lifestyle modifications can alter BP?
weight reduction, DASH eating plan, decreased sodium intake, physical activity and moderation of alcohol consumption.
Which lifestyle mod has the greatest reduction of BP?
weight reduction, 5-20 mmHg/10kg loss
Where do thiazide diuretics work and how?
distal tubule, inhibit the reabsorption of Na/Cl retain H20
Where do potassium sparing diuretics work and how?
collecting duct, block Na channels
Where do aldosterone antagonists work and how?
collecting duct, inhibit aldosterone mediated reabsorption of Na (and secretion of K)
Where to loop diuretics work and how?
ascending loop of henle, inhibit Na/K/Cl transport, retaining Na and H20 in the tubule
Where do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors work and how?
proximal tubule, inhibit reabsorption of HCO3
What are loop diuretics used for?
HTN, but must be dosed at the appropriate frequency. Has a limited use for HTN.
Be able to diagnose the stage of HTN.
<80 is normal
What is stage A HF?
risk factors and no LV dysfunction
What is stage B HF?
asymptomatic , LVH or LV dysfunction
What is stage C HF?
current or past symptoms, underlying HD
What is stage D HF?
refractory HF
Define the treatment for CHF
Lifestyle Mod
Loop Diuretics (Furosemide)
ACE inhibitor
Beta Blocker
Add digoxin if severe
Define the treatment for HTN
Lifestyle Mod
Thiazide Diuretic
ACE inhibitor
B-blocker
Role of ACE in CHF
venous and arterial dilaltion, decreasing pre- and after- load. Reduces mortality.
Role of Digoxin in CHF
if EF < 40% or severe CHF, short term symptomatic relief (controls dyspnea)
