HTN Flashcards
Definition of hypertension
SBP at or higher than 140mm/Hg
DBP at or higher than 90mm/Hg
HTN numbers for diabetics
130/90
Cardiac output formula
CO = SV x HR
Vascular resistance is maintained by
Autonomic nervous system
Circulating hormones such as norepinephrine and epinephrine
Four control systems play a major role in maintaining blood pressure
Arterial baroreceptors
Regulation of body fluid volume
RAAS
Vascular autoregulation
What is the most common classification of hypertension?
Essential (primary)
What are some causes of primary hypertension?
Family history Being black Hyperlipidemia Smoking Older than 60 or postmenopausal Excessive sodium and caffeine intake Overweight Being lazy Excessive alcohol intake Low potassium, calcium, or magnesium intake Excessive and continuous stress
What are some causes of secondary hypertension?
Kidney disease Primary aldosteronism Cushing's disease Estrogen Steroids
Isolated systolic hypertension is defined as
Systolic blood pressure at or above 180 with diastolic blood pressure below 90
Symptoms of malignant hypertension
Morning headaches Blurred vision Dyspnea Uremia Systolic blood pressure greater than 200 Diastolic blood pressure greater than 150
What are some lifestyle changes to teach a person with HTN?
Restrict sodium intake Reduce weight Use alcohol sparingly Exercise Relaxation techniques Avoid tobacco and caffeine
What is the first type of drug for managing hypertension?
Diuretics
Calcium channel blockers are most effective in
Older adults and African-Americans
What is the most common side effect of an ace inhibitor?
Nagging, dry cough.
Teach patients to report this problem to their healthcare provider as soon as possible
These are not as effective in blax.
What alternative would you give the patient who is coughing while taking an ace inhibitor?
Angiotensin receptor blocker
These are not as effective in blax unless they are taken with diuretics for another category such as beta blocker Or calcium channel blocker
