CAD & Chronic stable angina

Question 1

CAD is a broad term that includes ___ and ___

Answer 1

chronic stable angina

acute coronary syndromes

Question 2

When blood flow through coronary arteries is partially or completely blocked, this may happen.

Answer 2

Ischemia and infarction of myocardium

Question 3

Ischemia definition

Answer 3

Occurs when insufficient oxygen is supplied to meet requirements of myocardium.

Question 4

Infarction definition

Answer 4

Necrosis, or cell death. Occurs when ischemia is prolonged and decreased perfusion causes irreversible damage to tissue

Question 5

What is the cause of angina pectoris?

Answer 5

Temporary imbalance between coronary artery’s ability to supply oxygen and the cardiac muscle’s demand for oxygen.

Question 6

Two types of stable angina

Answer 6

Stable and unstable

Question 7

What is chronic stable angina?

Answer 7

Chest discomfort that occurs with moderate to prolonged exertion in a pattern that is familiar to patient.

Frequency, duration, and intensity remain the same over several months.

Question 8

What is usually the cause of of chronic stable angina?

Answer 8

Fixed atherosclerotic plaque.

Question 9

What relieves pain caused by chronic stable angina?

Answer 9

Nitroglycerin, or rest.

Question 10

What is Prinzmetal’s angina?

Answer 10

Also called Variant angina.

Chest discomfort or pain from coronary artery spasms typically after rest.

Question 11

What are symptoms of angina?

Answer 11

~Substernal chest discomfort
~Pain that radiates to LEFT arm
~Precipitated by exertion or stress (or rest in variant angina)
~Relieved by nitroglycerin or rest
~Lasts 15 minutes or less
~Few, if any, associated symptoms

Question 12

What is the primary factor in development of coronary artery disease?

Answer 12

Atherosclerosis

Question 13

What are some modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease?

Answer 13

~Avoid trans fatty acids
~Limit cholesterol to <200mg/day
~Manage diabetes
~Exercise. Burn 400 cal per session. Keep heart rate 120-150 if approved by doctor.

Question 14

What labs are used to determine coronary artery disease?

Answer 14

SEE CHAPTER 38

Question 15

What risks are associated with metabolic syndrome (risk for CAD)?

Answer 15

~Hypertension
~Decreased HDL (70 is risk)
~Increased triglycerides (>150 is risk)
~Glucose (>100 fasting is risk)
~Waist size >35" on women, >40" on men

MORE THAN 3 OF THE ABOVE ARE A DIAGNOSIS OF METABOLIC SYNDROME

Question 16

Some risk factors for atherosclerosis are___

Answer 16

Smoking
Stress
Blax or hispanics
Obesity
Diabetes
Genetics
Low HDL
High LDL
Increased triglycerides

Question 17

What is thickening of arterial wall?

Answer 17

ARTERIOSCLEROSIS

Question 18

What is formation of plaque within arterial wall?

Answer 18

ATHEROSCLEROSIS