Heart Failure Flashcards
Most heart failure begins with failure of the
Left ventricle and progresses to failure of both ventricle
What are typical causes of left-sided heart failure?
Hypertension, coronary artery disease, Valvular disease involving mitral or aortic valve
What is the ejection fraction?
Percentage of blood ejected from the heart during systole
Normal is 50% to 70%
Systolic heart failure is often called
Forward failure
Because cardiac output is decreased and fluid backs up into the pulmonary system
Right-sided heart failure maybe caused by
Left ventricular failure, right ventricular myocardial infarction, or pulmonary hypertension.
Right-sided heart failure occurs when
The right ventricle cannot empty completely. Increased volume and pressure developing the venous system and peripheral edema results
What are for major compensatory mechanisms?
Sympathetic nervous system stimulation
RAS activation
Other chemical responses
Myocardial hyper trophy
The most immediate compensatory mechanism in heart failure is
Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system
What are natriuretic peptides?
Neurohormones that work to promote vasodilation and diuresis through sodium loss.
What are some common causes and risk factors for heart failure?
Hypertension Coronary artery disease Cardiomyopathy Drug use diabetes Smoking Obesity Sleep apnea
