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NHG > HTN > Flashcards

HTN Flashcards

1
Q

non-pharmacological for DM

A 
sodium not more than 2.4g
weight reduction 
DASH eating (fruit, veg, low fat dairy) 
physical activity 
moderation of alcohol consumption
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2
Q 
Classification of hypertension 
High normal: 
grade 1: 
grade 2: 
grade 3: 
isolated systolic:
A 
High normal: 130/85 - 139/89
grade 1: 140/90 - 159/99
grade 2: 160/100 - 179/109
grade 3: 180/110
isolated systolic: 140/90
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3
Q

blood pressure targets for 82 year old man with no problems

A

<150/90

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4
Q

45 year old man with ACR 4, PCR 12

A

130/80`

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5
Q

72 man with DM

A

<140/80

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6
Q

man 72 yo with no medicatl problems

A

140/80

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7
Q

types of diuretics

A

`thiazide, loop, k sparring, aldosterone receptor blockers

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8
Q

name 4 thiazide diuretics

A

chlorthialidone
hctz
indapamine
metolazone

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9
Q

name 3 loop diuretics

A

bumetanide, frusemide, torsemide

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10
Q

adr of thiazide diuretics

A 
increased cholesterol and increased glucose 
decreased K, NA, Mg 
increased Ca, uric acid 
azotemia 
photosensitivity
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11
Q

ADR of loop diuretics

A

decreased K, Ca, Mg, Na
azotemia
photosensitivity
tinnitus

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12
Q

thiazide renal impairment

A

not to be used with GFR <30ml/min except metolazone

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13
Q

thiazide small dose or large dose more effective

A

small dose

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14
Q

loop diuretics small dose or large dose better?

A

large dose

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15
Q

is loop or thiazide preferred in poor kidney function

A

loop

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16
Q

is thiazide or loop first line in lowering bp

A

thiazide

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17
Q

name 9 ACEI/ARB

A 
banzepril 
captopril 
Enalapril 
fosinopril 
lisinopril
moexipril 
quinapril
ramipril 
trnadolapril
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18
Q

name 4 ARBS

A

candesartan
irbesartan
losartan
valsartan

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19
Q

ADR of ACE/ARB

A 
hypotension 
dry cough (ace) 
hyperkalemia 
transient worsening of kidney function (need to monitor renal panel) 
angioedema (ACE >> ARB)
20
Q

counselling points for ACEI/ARB

A

hypotension, cough

21
Q

name the DHP CCB

A

nifedipine

amlodipine

22
Q

name the non-DHP CCB

A

diltiazem, verapamil

23
Q

ADR of DHP CCB

A

dizziness, headache, flushing, peripheral edema, tachycardia, gingival hyperplasia (nifedipine)

24
Q

is DHP or non-DHP CCB more potent

A

DHP

25
Q

DHP CCB ADR

A

bradycardia, heart block, constipation (verapamil more)

26
Q

why choose Non-DHP CCB

A

more cardiac selective

no need to do renal panel

27
Q

name the cardioselelctive BB (5)

A

atenolol, bisoprolol, metoprolol, betaxolol, acebutolol

28
Q

name the non-selective BB

A

propranolol, timolol, nadolol

29
Q

me the mixed blockage BB

A

carvedilol

30
Q

ADR of BB

A

bronchospasm, bradycardia, heart block, hypotension
insomnia, depression, fatigue
impotence, metabolic changes
may mask the s/sx of hypoglycaemia

31
Q

contraindications off BB

A

asthma, 2nd or 3rd degree heart block, systolic HF (except bisoprolol, metoprolol and carvedilol)

32
Q

when is non-cardioselective BB preferred

A

its with non-CV indications like migraine prophylaxis or essential tremor

33
Q

compelling indications for BB

A

post MI
tachyarrhythmias
HF (carvedilol, bisoprolol, metoprolol XL)

34
Q

when is clonidine used

A

resistant HTN

35
Q

SE of clonidine

A

anticholinergic, CNS

36
Q

when is methyldopa used in HTN

A

pregnancy induced HTN

37
Q

when is methyldopa used in HTN

A

pregnancy induced HTN

38
Q

SE of methyldopa

A

transient elevation in LFT, CNS side effects, rarely hepatitis or haemolytic anemia

39
Q

name 3 alpha1 blockers

A

doxazosin
prazosin
terazosin

40
Q

alpha 1 blockers MOA

A

blocks peripheral alpha 1.postsynaptic receptors –> vasodilation of both arteries and veins
prevent the uptake of catecholamines by the smooth muscles

41
Q

SE of alpha 1 blockers

A

orthostatic hypotension

reflex tachycardia

42
Q

compelling indication for alpha 1 blockers

A

BPH

43
Q

direct vasodilator name

A

hydrazine

44
Q

hydralazine MOA

A

direct relaxation of peripheral arterial smooth muscle –> decrease peripheral resistance

45
Q

disadvantage of hydralazine

A

may only be temporarily effective as BP lowering agents when used alone

46
Q

renin inhibitor name

A

aliskiren

NHG (9 decks)

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