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NHG > cough, cold, allergy > Flashcards

cough, cold, allergy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pathophysiology of cough

A

body’s protectionctive response to materials that irritate the respiratory tract, facilitating the removal of inhaled foreign particles and excessive secretions

stimulation of cough receptors along the airways –> signals to the cough control centre of the brain and back to the airway muscles to induce cough

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2
Q

name the antitussives (3)

A

dextromethorphan
codeine
pholcodine

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3
Q

Codeine and pholcodine MOA

A

decreases sensitivity of the cough receptors and interrupts the cough impulse transmission by suppressing the cough centres of the brain

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4
Q

codeine adult dosing

A

30mg tablet

0.5 to 1 tablet tds prn

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5
Q

codeine minimum age

A

12 yo

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6
Q

codeine SE

A

drowsiness and constipation

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7
Q

pholcodine SE

A

might be drowsy

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8
Q

dextromethorphan linctus peads dosing

A

2-5 yo: up to 2.5ml TDSprn
6-12yo: up to 5ml TDSPRN
> 12yo: up to 10ml TDSprn

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9
Q

dextromethorphan SE

A

may cause some drowsiness

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10
Q

pholcodine minimum age

A

reg: 2yo
forte: 12yo

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11
Q

dextromethorphan tablet adult dosage

A

1-2 tabs ads pro

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12
Q

list the expectorants (2)

A

diphenhydramine

guaifenesin

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13
Q

diphenhydramine class of drug

A

antihistamine (1st gen)

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14
Q

diphenhydramine MOA

A

irritative action on the thread –> causes the production of excess mucus and inducing cough

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15
Q

adult dose for diphenhydramine

A

10mg/5ml –> 10ml tdsprn

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16
Q

adult dose for guaifenesin

A

100mg/5ml: 12yo and above: up to 20ml tdsprn

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17
Q

kids dose for diphenhydramine

A

5mg/5ml: 2-5yo: 5ml

6-11 yo: 10ml tdsprn

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18
Q

kids dose of guaifenesin

A

100mg/5ml:
2-5yo: up to 5ml tdsprn
6-11yo: up to 10ml tdsprn

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19
Q

name mucolytics (3)

A

bromhexine (P or GSL)
acetylcysteine (P or GSL)
ambroxol (P or GSL for some)

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20
Q

acetylcysteine kids dosing

A

100mg sachet: 1 sachet bd-tdsprn

>6 yo: 2 sachet bd-tdsprn

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21
Q

acetylcysteine min age

A

2yo

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22
Q

acetylcysteine adult dosing

A

600mg effervescent tablet: 6yo and above 1 tab odprn

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23
Q

bromhexine kids dosing

A

4mg/5ml:
2-5yo: 2.5ml tdsprn
6-11yo: 5ml tdsprn
>12yo: 10ml tdsprn

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24
Q

bromhexine adult dosing

A

> 12yo: 1 tab tdsprn, max 48mg/day

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25
Q

bromhexine min age

A

2yo

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26
Q

why are mucolytics contraindicated in <2yo

A

increased risk of respiratory obstruction

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27
Q

ambroxol kids dosing

A

30mg/5ml:
2-5yo: 2.5ml tdsprn
6-11yo: 5ml bd-tdsprn
12yo and above: 10ml bdprn

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28
Q

ambroxol adult dosing

A

12yo and above 1 tab tdsprn up to 2 dabs bd prn

30 mg tablet

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29
Q

sore throat medications (4)

A

benzydamine
dorithricin
serratiopeptidase
dequalinium

30
Q

sore throat gargles/sprays (4)

A

benztdamine gargle/throat spray
thymol gargle
chlorhexidine gargle

31
Q

benzydamine (difflam) minimum age

A

6yo

32
Q

difflam MOA

A

exhibit local antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and anaesthetic effect

33
Q

difflam dosage

A

1 losing every 3h prn up to 12 a day

up to 12 a day is due to laxative effect

34
Q

side effects of difflam

A

gi irritation

numbing sensation on tongue

35
Q

difflam counselling points

A

do not ingest hot food or drink directly after using the lozenges
excess consumption may have laxative effect

36
Q

dorithricin MOA

A

exhibit local antiseptic and anaesthetic effect

37
Q

dorithricin dose

A

1-2 lozenges prn

38
Q

dorithricin min age

A

nil as long as able to suck on lozenges

39
Q

serratiopeptidase MOA

A

anti-inflammatory effect

40
Q

serratiopeptidase dose

A

1-2 tab tdsprn

41
Q

serratiopeptidase SE

A

rash and allergies

42
Q

dequalinium MOA

A

antiseptic

43
Q

dequalinium dose

A

suck 1 tab prn

44
Q

dequalinium SE

A

burning sensation on tongue

45
Q

thymol gargle MOA

A

antiseptic with antibacterial and anti fungal activity

46
Q

thymol gargle dose

A

tdsprn

47
Q

thymol gargle min age

A

6yo

48
Q

thymol gargle how to use

A

1 part of solution in 3 parts of warm water and gargle for 30 seconds

49
Q

chlorhexidine gargle dose

A

bdprn

50
Q

chlorhexidine gargle min age

A

nil as long as can gargle

51
Q

chlorhexidine gargle how to use

A

gargle for about 30 seconds. do not mix with water unless oral irritation develops

52
Q

difflam gargle how to use

A

15ml to be gargled or used as a mouth rinse every 1.5 to 3h. old in mouth for at least 30 seconds

53
Q

difflam gargle min age

A

6yo

54
Q

difflam gargle se

A

GI irritation

numbing sensation on tongue

55
Q

difflam throat spray how to use

adult dose and kids

A

adult: spray 2-4 times directly onto the sore/inflamed area and swallow gently
repeat every 1.5 to 3h as necessary

kids 6-12yo: 2 times directly

56
Q

name the 1st gen antihistamines

A

chlorpheniramine
promethazine
hydroxyzine

57
Q

chlorpheneramine kids dosing

A

4mg/5ml syrup
1-2yo: up to 1ml bdprn
2-5yo: up to 2.5ml tdsprn
6-12yo: up to 5ml tdsprn

58
Q

chlorpheneramine min age

A

1yo

59
Q

chlorpheneramine above 12 dosing

A

1 tab tdsprn up to 6 tabs a day

60
Q

promethazine dosing for allergies and cold

A

5mg/5ml syrup:

2yo and above (by weight): 0.25-1mg/kg/dose up to 25mg/dose tds-qds-prn

61
Q

promethazine dosing for n/v

A

2yo and above:

0.25mg-1mg/kg/dose up to 25mg/dose tds-qdsprn

62
Q

promethazine min age

A

2yo

63
Q

hydroxyzine min age

A

adults

64
Q

hydroxyzine dose

A

10mg/25mg tablet

1 tab OD-tdsprn

65
Q

name 2nd gen antihistamines (4)

A

cetirizine, fexofenidine, loratadine, ketotifen

66
Q

cetirizine kids dosing

A

1mg/ml:
6 months - 1 year: 2.5ml odprn
1-6yo: 2.5ml od-bdprn
>6yo: 5ml od-bdprn

67
Q

cetirizine min age

A

6 months old

68
Q

loratadine kids dosing

A

1mg/ml syrup:
<30kg, 2-12 years: 5ml odprn
>kg, 2-12 yo: 10ml od prn

69
Q

loratadine adult dosing

A

10mg odprn

70
Q

cetirizine adult dosing

A

10mg odprn

71
Q

ketotifen dosing

A

1mg/5ml
6 months to 3 years: 0.05mg/kg/dose bd up to 1mgbd
>3yo: 1mg bd

72
Q

ketotifen min age

A

6 months

NHG (9 decks)

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