cough, cold, allergy

Question 1

What is the pathophysiology of cough

Answer 1

body’s protectionctive response to materials that irritate the respiratory tract, facilitating the removal of inhaled foreign particles and excessive secretions

stimulation of cough receptors along the airways –> signals to the cough control centre of the brain and back to the airway muscles to induce cough

Question 2

name the antitussives (3)

Answer 2

dextromethorphan
codeine
pholcodine

Question 3

Codeine and pholcodine MOA

Answer 3

decreases sensitivity of the cough receptors and interrupts the cough impulse transmission by suppressing the cough centres of the brain

Question 4

codeine adult dosing

Answer 4

30mg tablet

0.5 to 1 tablet tds prn

Question 5

codeine minimum age

Answer 5

12 yo

Question 6

codeine SE

Answer 6

drowsiness and constipation

Question 7

pholcodine SE

Answer 7

might be drowsy

Question 8

dextromethorphan linctus peads dosing

Answer 8

2-5 yo: up to 2.5ml TDSprn
6-12yo: up to 5ml TDSPRN
> 12yo: up to 10ml TDSprn

Question 9

dextromethorphan SE

Answer 9

may cause some drowsiness

Question 10

pholcodine minimum age

Answer 10

reg: 2yo
forte: 12yo

Question 11

dextromethorphan tablet adult dosage

Answer 11

1-2 tabs ads pro

Question 12

list the expectorants (2)

Answer 12

diphenhydramine

guaifenesin

Question 13

diphenhydramine class of drug

Answer 13

antihistamine (1st gen)

Question 14

diphenhydramine MOA

Answer 14

irritative action on the thread –> causes the production of excess mucus and inducing cough

Question 15

adult dose for diphenhydramine

Answer 15

10mg/5ml –> 10ml tdsprn

Question 16

adult dose for guaifenesin

Answer 16

100mg/5ml: 12yo and above: up to 20ml tdsprn

Question 17

kids dose for diphenhydramine

Answer 17

5mg/5ml: 2-5yo: 5ml

6-11 yo: 10ml tdsprn

Question 18

kids dose of guaifenesin

Answer 18

100mg/5ml:
2-5yo: up to 5ml tdsprn
6-11yo: up to 10ml tdsprn

Question 19

name mucolytics (3)

Answer 19

bromhexine (P or GSL)
acetylcysteine (P or GSL)
ambroxol (P or GSL for some)

Question 20

acetylcysteine kids dosing

Answer 20

100mg sachet: 1 sachet bd-tdsprn

>6 yo: 2 sachet bd-tdsprn

Question 21

acetylcysteine min age

Answer 21

2yo

Question 22

acetylcysteine adult dosing

Answer 22

600mg effervescent tablet: 6yo and above 1 tab odprn

Question 23

bromhexine kids dosing

Answer 23

4mg/5ml:
2-5yo: 2.5ml tdsprn
6-11yo: 5ml tdsprn
>12yo: 10ml tdsprn

Question 24

bromhexine adult dosing

Answer 24

> 12yo: 1 tab tdsprn, max 48mg/day

Question 25

bromhexine min age

Answer 25

2yo

Question 26

why are mucolytics contraindicated in <2yo

Answer 26

increased risk of respiratory obstruction

Question 27

ambroxol kids dosing

Answer 27

30mg/5ml: 2-5yo: 2.5ml tdsprn 6-11yo: 5ml bd-tdsprn 12yo and above: 10ml bdprn

Question 28

ambroxol adult dosing

Answer 28

12yo and above 1 tab tdsprn up to 2 dabs bd prn | 30 mg tablet

Question 29

sore throat medications (4)

Answer 29

benzydamine dorithricin serratiopeptidase dequalinium

Question 30

sore throat gargles/sprays (4)

Answer 30

benztdamine gargle/throat spray thymol gargle chlorhexidine gargle

Question 31

benzydamine (difflam) minimum age

Answer 31

6yo

Question 32

difflam MOA

Answer 32

exhibit local antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and anaesthetic effect

Question 33

difflam dosage

Answer 33

1 losing every 3h prn up to 12 a day up to 12 a day is due to laxative effect

Question 34

side effects of difflam

Answer 34

gi irritation | numbing sensation on tongue

Question 35

difflam counselling points

Answer 35

do not ingest hot food or drink directly after using the lozenges excess consumption may have laxative effect

Question 36

dorithricin MOA

Answer 36

exhibit local antiseptic and anaesthetic effect

Question 37

dorithricin dose

Answer 37

1-2 lozenges prn

Question 38

dorithricin min age

Answer 38

nil as long as able to suck on lozenges

Question 39

serratiopeptidase MOA

Answer 39

anti-inflammatory effect

Question 40

serratiopeptidase dose

Answer 40

1-2 tab tdsprn

Question 41

serratiopeptidase SE

Answer 41

rash and allergies

Question 42

dequalinium MOA

Answer 42

antiseptic

Question 43

dequalinium dose

Answer 43

suck 1 tab prn

Question 44

dequalinium SE

Answer 44

burning sensation on tongue

Question 45

thymol gargle MOA

Answer 45

antiseptic with antibacterial and anti fungal activity

Question 46

thymol gargle dose

Answer 46

tdsprn

Question 47

thymol gargle min age

Answer 47

6yo

Question 48

thymol gargle how to use

Answer 48

1 part of solution in 3 parts of warm water and gargle for 30 seconds

Question 49

chlorhexidine gargle dose

Answer 49

bdprn

Question 50

chlorhexidine gargle min age

Answer 50

nil as long as can gargle

Question 51

chlorhexidine gargle how to use

Answer 51

gargle for about 30 seconds. do not mix with water unless oral irritation develops

Question 52

difflam gargle how to use

Answer 52

15ml to be gargled or used as a mouth rinse every 1.5 to 3h. old in mouth for at least 30 seconds

Question 53

difflam gargle min age

Answer 53

6yo

Question 54

difflam gargle se

Answer 54

GI irritation | numbing sensation on tongue

Question 55

difflam throat spray how to use adult dose and kids

Answer 55

adult: spray 2-4 times directly onto the sore/inflamed area and swallow gently repeat every 1.5 to 3h as necessary kids 6-12yo: 2 times directly

Question 56

name the 1st gen antihistamines

Answer 56

chlorpheniramine promethazine hydroxyzine

Question 57

chlorpheneramine kids dosing

Answer 57

4mg/5ml syrup 1-2yo: up to 1ml bdprn 2-5yo: up to 2.5ml tdsprn 6-12yo: up to 5ml tdsprn

Question 58

chlorpheneramine min age

Answer 58

1yo

Question 59

chlorpheneramine above 12 dosing

Answer 59

1 tab tdsprn up to 6 tabs a day

Question 60

promethazine dosing for allergies and cold

Answer 60

5mg/5ml syrup: | 2yo and above (by weight): 0.25-1mg/kg/dose up to 25mg/dose tds-qds-prn

Question 61

promethazine dosing for n/v

Answer 61

2yo and above: | 0.25mg-1mg/kg/dose up to 25mg/dose tds-qdsprn

Question 62

promethazine min age

Answer 62

2yo

Question 63

hydroxyzine min age

Answer 63

adults

Question 64

hydroxyzine dose

Answer 64

10mg/25mg tablet | 1 tab OD-tdsprn

Question 65

name 2nd gen antihistamines (4)

Answer 65

cetirizine, fexofenidine, loratadine, ketotifen

Question 66

cetirizine kids dosing

Answer 66

1mg/ml: 6 months - 1 year: 2.5ml odprn 1-6yo: 2.5ml od-bdprn >6yo: 5ml od-bdprn

Question 67

cetirizine min age

Answer 67

6 months old

Question 68

loratadine kids dosing

Answer 68

1mg/ml syrup: <30kg, 2-12 years: 5ml odprn >kg, 2-12 yo: 10ml od prn

Question 69

loratadine adult dosing

Answer 69

10mg odprn

Question 70

cetirizine adult dosing

Answer 70

10mg odprn

Question 71

ketotifen dosing

Answer 71

1mg/5ml 6 months to 3 years: 0.05mg/kg/dose bd up to 1mgbd >3yo: 1mg bd

Question 72

ketotifen min age

Answer 72

6 months