html Flashcards
HTML stands for…
Hypertext Markup Language
Inventor of the World Wide Web
Sir Tim Berners-Lee
Delimiter for tags
<>
More strict version of HTML
XHTML
XHTML
eXtensible HTML
Tag structures like are known as _______
self-closing
RSS
Really Simple Syndication
Items of data in a tag that provide additional information to the browser
attributes
Syntax for an attribute
property=value
Attribute name for creating hyperlinks
href
URL
Uniform Reference Locator
Complete web address for Google
http://www.google.com
Attribute name used to give a name to an object so that it can be accessed using CSS or JavaScript
id
Client-side language used with HTML to give a web page functionality
JavaScript
Server-side language used with HTML to give a web page functionality
PHP
Attribute name that specifies a group name that may apply to multiple tags/objects
class
Attribute name that lets you apply a CSS style to a particular object
style
Attribute name that lets you display a ‘tooltip’ when a mouse passes over it
title
Tag name that specifies a title for a web page in a browser’s ‘chrome’
title
Complete HTML command that specifies a title on a web page saying My Little Web Page
html My Little Web Page
Tells a browser exactly how you would like a web page to be displayed
doctype
Tag name that specifies the ‘dialect’ of a web page (show any special symbols)
html <!DOCTYPE>
Browser affiliated with Microsoft
Internet Explorer
Browser affiliated with Mozilla
Firefox
Browser affiliated with Apple
Safari
Browser affiliated with Google
Chrome
Tag name of element that contains the web page content
body
Tag name of element that contains ‘behind the scenes’ information (like metadata) to help a page work according to design intentions
head
Comment structure for HTML
<!
Tag elements placed inside other tag elements are said to be ___________
nested
Highest level tag element in a web page
html
Additional data about a document, hidden from the normal user
metadata
Unit of measure of elements in a web page
pixel
Tag name of element used to embed CSS commands within a web page
style
CSS
Cascading Style Sheets
Tag name of element used to load an external style sheet
link
Attribute for establishing a document’s relationship to a page as a style sheet
rel=stylesheet
Attribute for specifying a style sheet language as that of CSS
type=text/css
Tag name of element used to write JavaScript commands within a page
script
Attribute to specify the location of a JavaScript file named ‘myscripts.js’ that is to be loaded from an external location
src=myscripts.js
Base language for Android devices
Java
Small piece of software written by a developer that can be embedded in Firefox for additional functionalities
add-on
An ‘essential’ add-on in Firefox that supports web page development and analysis
Web Developer Toolbar
Name of the developer who wrote the add-on used with Firefox in the web development classes at TCA
Chris Pederick
What does it do?
Sets the width of a web page to 800 pixels
Delimiter for multiple attributes within a tag
space
Largest heading tag name
html
Smallest heading tag name
html
Tags that are intended to be ‘phased out’ at some point in the future are known as _______, and should not be used
deprecated
An alternative for the normal bolding tag, which is often custom-styled with CSS
strong
Tag name for producing subscripted text
sub
Tag name for producing superscripted text
sup
Font face and color should only be set by using…
CSS
How many color names are available to a designer?
16
For customized colors, you need to use _______ color numbers
hexadecimal
Hexadecimal syntax for establishing color
RRGGBB
Allowable symbols in hex code
0-9, A-F
Hexadecimal is also known as …
base-16
White in hex code:
FFFFFF
Black in hex code:
000000
Short cut for hexcode color: #AA88DD
A8D
Exactly how many colors (shades) are available to a designer (in factored form!)
256x256x256
Approximately how many colors are available to a designer?
Over 16 million
Primary colors on a traditional computer monitor
red, green, blue
Best type of font (as a family) to use for web page text
sans-serif
Tag name of element for inserting images in a web page
img
Attribute name used to denote the location of a picture file for a web page
src
http means
hypertext transfer protocol
Using this attribute is strongly recommended for use in case an image cannot load or if the file cannot be found
alt
Why is it a good idea to use width and height attributes for images (with ORIGINAL DIMENSIONS!) when placing an image in a web page?
To ensure that the page layout is correctly aligned even before the page is loaded; can speed the overall loading time for the page
The tag is known as the _______ tag
anchor
The ‘C’ in Crap (from a design perspective) stands for …
contrast
The ‘R’ in cRap (from a design perspective) stands for …
repetition
The ‘A’ in crAp (from a design perspective) stands for…
alignment
The ‘P’ in craP (from a design perspective) stands for…
proximity
The attribute used to specify the location of a hyperlink
href
Write a complete command for a hyperlink to yahoo, with text: I love to YAHOO! and a screen tip of Let’s yahoo now
I love to YAHOO!
Attribute used to create internal hyperlinks
name
Write a complete command to create an internal hyperlink to a location called ‘top’ within a given page, with text: ‘Top of page’
Top of page
Why should you NEVER underline text in a web page for the purposes of emphasis?
Could be mistaken for a hyperlink
Extension for a web page document
html
Alternative, shorter extension for a web page document
.htm
Name(s) of the ‘#’ symbol
hash, number symbol, pound symbol, octothorp
Fancy name of the ‘&’ symbol
ampersand
W3C
World Wide Web Consortium
First place (besides Google) to look up basic information about web related issues
http://www.w3schools.com
HTML structure best used for displaying data, but prior to CSS often used (misused) for positioning of web elements within a page
table
Attribute name specifying the number of pixels of space between a cell well and its content
cellpadding
Attribute name specifying the number of pixels of space between adacent cells and/or their container
cellspacing
Attribute name used to put a caption on a table
caption
Attribute name for creating a table row
tr
Attribute name for creating a table column
td
Attribute name for creating a table heading
th
Two type of lists in HTML
unordered, ordered
Tag name for a bulleted list
ul
Tag name for a sequential list
ol
Attribute name to specify the beginning number for a sequential list
start
Attribute name to specify various kinds of lists: letters, numbers, Roman numerals, etc
type
Tag name within a list that specifies individual entries
li
Tag name for a special type of list often used with definitions
dl
Two elements types nested within a definition list
dt and dd
dt
definition term
dd
definition (definition)
Language responsible for web page structure
XHTML
Language responsible for aesthetics of a web page
CSS
Language responsible for web page behavior
JavaScript
The basic top-level web page structure responsible for user interaction with a page with respect to entering information
form
Attribute responsible for determining how data from a form should be handled
method
Form submission technique where information is transmitted via the URL
GET
Form submission technique where information is transmitted via an array
POST
Attribute determining what should be done when a form is submitted
action
Dominant tag name used in a form for creating GUI elements for a user to interact with
input
GUI
Graphical User Interface
Attribute that determines the nature of a GUI element
type
Attribute value that creates a text-input box
text
Attribute value that creates a text-input box with obscured letters as a user types
password
Attribute value that creates round GUI elements where only one of the elements can be active at a time
radio
Attribute value that creates squarish GUI elements where multiple selections may be made at one time
checkbox
Attribute value for a GUI element that renders it invisible to the user
hidden
Tag fpr creating a multiline area where information may be entered in a freeform style
textarea
Drop-down menus are created with this tag
select
These tags are located inside a drop-down menu to create the various entries of a menu
option
Complete attribute showing a menu item that should be shown as selected in the menu as it is first loaded in the web page (the default choice)
selected=selected
A tag that should not be used for submitting forms because of misinterpretations by IE
button
IE
Internet Explorer
Tag often used with radio and check boxes so users can see what they are choosing
label
Important design considerations for most GUI elements
alignment, proximity
Proximity
Things that functionally work with one another are in the same vicinity with each other (like a sofa-coffee table combo)
Tag used to combine elements into a group in a vertical stacking type arrangement
div
Tag used to group elements into a arrangement that flows with the text of a document
span
Tag that would allow information placed within it to look just as it was typed in the tag body
pre
Tag that allows you to drop a frame of any width or height anywhere in a document as if it were an image
iframe
Replaces the applet tag in newer versions of (X)HTML
object
Expected year when HTML5 is ready (supported by most browsers with most functionalities)
2015 per 3/8/12 as specified by
Store and serve web pages
Web servers
Renders a web page’s content
browser
for example: Hello World
element
Three parts of an HTML element
opening tag, content, closing tag
Exceptions to the rule that elements have an opening and closing tag (yet commonly used tags)
img, br
Tag that holds the information seen in a browser
body
Most ______ (tabs, returns, spaces) are ignored by the browser
whitespace
Makes your web page understandable to you in the future and to others who what to build on it
comments
Must not appear in ids
spaces
Image type that supports transparency with many colors
png
Image type that supports transparency with limited colors
gif
Common image type for images directly from photographs (give both spellings)
jpg, jpeg
Navigation scheme to go to a parent folder called ‘lounge’
../lounge
Navigation scheme to go to a sub folder called ‘beverages’
beverages/
DOM
Document Object Model
The basic structure of web pages that supports the use of CSS and JavaScript
DOM
Image that is not displaying for some reason
broken image
A folder called ‘fruit’ contains two separate folders: ‘apples’ and ‘pears’ . Apples and pears are…
siblings
The content of the element is the ______ for the link
label
.. means ____________
parent folder
Don’t use _____ when naming files and folders for your web site
spaces
dog vs. Dog demonstrates ________
case-sensitivity
myLittleAttributeName demonstrates _____
camel-case
href stands for…
hypertext reference
Everything between and is ________
clickable
Top folder of your web site
root
A subfolder is also called a _______ of the folder it is in
child
Geeky-looking computer symbols for special (reserved) symbols like ‘<’ or ‘&’
HTML entity
non-breaking space HTML entity
The trademark symbol can be made with the code ™ which is an entity ______ or by ™ which is an entity ______ .
name …. number
Variables/attributes which are named according to their function (ex: class=warning) are said to be …
self-documenting
If HTML entity names are self-documenting (in most cases) why are HTML entity numbers often better to use (even though harder to remember)
Browsers may not support all entity names (the support for entity numbers is very good)
An element often used for long quotations which will force the quote to ‘break out’ of the document flow
I pledge allegiance…with liberty and justice for all
An element often used for short quotations that should not ‘break out’ of the document flow
html Spaces are evil
Before you launch a site you should always…
…check it’s operation in the 4 major browsers: IE, Firefox, Chrome, Safari
Elements that ‘stand on their own’ or ‘break out’ of the flow which tend to stack vertically in a page
block
Elements that ‘go with the flow’ of a page
inline
is an example of an ____________ element
empty
Horizontal menu bars are often ______ that have been ______ by ______ making them _______
list items … styled …. CSS…. inline
is an example of __________ __________
improper nesting
All symbols in human kind that are shown on a computer screen have an assigned __________
unicode
ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
Character codes may be found at..
http://www.unicode.org
Tag used to draw to draw a horizontal line on a web page
hr
hr
horizontal rule
A unique name used to locate your site
domain name
Centralized authority to make sure only one person at a time uses a given domain name
ICANN
ICANN
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
An agree-upon technique for transferring hypertext documents around the Web
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
Global address that can be used to locate anything on the Web
URL
Most common default name for the ‘home page’ of a static web site
index.html
Lesser-used default name for the home page of a static web site
default.htm
Web pages that simply convey information without user interactivity
static
Web pages that can do things for a user besides simply convey information, that normally require some level of programming
dynamic
Common mistake made by even professional web developers when using web-authoring software that limits a search engine’s ability to find a site
Forgetting to create a meaningful title element in the head of the document
With virtually no exceptions, divisions and spans should have ______ attributes with _______ names without ______
id … self-documenting … spaces
With virtually no exceptions, images should have _____ attributes to enhance usability for users with visual or audial impairments
alt
With virtually no exceptions, hyperlinks should have _____ attributes to reduce _______ and to provide additional _______ about where the link goes
title …. visual clutter… information
True or false: The ordering of attributes is important
false
List 4 alternatives to an attribute you would like to name: Holy Smoke but without the space. The most important thing is to be ________ in your naming technique
holySmoke, holysmoke, holy-smoke, holy_smoke
Portable Document Format
Web pages should go through a ________ process at ________ before release, but sadly few bother with this effort.
validation …. http://validator.w3.org/
Why should pages be validated? (5 Reasons)
Validation as a debugging tool
CSS pages can be validated at….
http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/
FTP
File Transfer Protocol
Common means of transferring your web pages and content to a server
FTP
Attribute used to open a link in another browser window, but pages with this ability may not ______ and can be _________ for users on a variety of devices and alternative browsers
target … validate … problematic
