HTML Flashcards
Who is the client in the client-server model?
a personal computer
What are three attributes of the client?
slower, cheaper, smaller disks
what is an example of a server?
student.cs
what are three attributes of a server machine?
faster, more expensive, bigger disks
what are share points?
folders on the server that are made available over the network
how are network disks created?
by mounting a share point
how are network disks used?
the same as a local disk
what is a network folder?
a subfolder of a network disk
who can access a web server?
any client on the web
what can web servers return?
only files in the server subtree
what is a browser used for?
to request and display web pages
What decides how to render HTML?
the browser
what is a web page?
a file containing text elements, tags and URL
What are 4 things that browsers ignore?
- multiple blanks
- carriage returns
- blank lines
- tags they don’t recognize
describe the case sensitivities of HTML, XHTML, and XML
HTML: case insensitive
XHTML: tags must be lowercase
XML: case-sensitive
What does <head> contain?
information about the page
where can you add keywords for Google searches?
<head>
</head>
what does <title> define?</title>
the name of the page on the tab
what are 3 components of table formatting in HTML?
<tr>: table row
<td>: table cell
<th>: table heading
</th></td></tr>
what command can you use to nest a table?
<colspan = n>
Define the protocol, local name, domain, host domain name, port, and web root folder of the URL: http://jcbserver.cs.uwaterloo.ca:80/cs200/search/search.html
protocol: http
local name: jcbserver
domain: cs.waterloo.ca
host domain name: jcbserver.cs.waterloo.ca
port: 80
web root folder: slash between 0 and c
how do you define a space in a URL?
%20
what is a common gateway interface (CGI)?
a convention for identifying a particular application that form data should be sent to for processing
what are the 4 steps when submitting a form?
- data is sent to a web server
- the web server forwards the data to a CGI
- the CGI processes the data and returns a web page to the server
- the server passes the response to the browser
what are three differences between GET and POST?
GET shows all entered information in the URL, and POST does not
POST is more secure than GET
POST is slower to process than GET
what are logical tags?
named styles that the browser decides how to render
what are 4 examples of logical tags?
<strong></strong>
<ol>
<p>
<em>
</em></p></ol>
what are physical tags?
tags that the browser has no choice in how to render
what are two examples of physical tags?
<b>
<i></i></b>
how and where are styles defined in HTML?
defined using selectors in <head>
what do properties do?
attach attributes to selectors like <p> and <span></span>
what are classes?
property bundles that can be applied to properties
how are classes implemented?
using P.A, P.B, etc. in <head>
how are classes that are defined in <head> referenced in the body text?
CLASS = A, CLASS = B, etc.
how are styles in HTML similar to hierarchical styles?
inner elements inherit properties from outer elements
what is a cascading style sheet?
an external style sheet that can be used by multiple web pages.
how are CSS styles referenced in the body text?
CLASS = “item”
what does p{…} do in a CSS?
sets attributes for all <p> tags
what does p.name do?
sets attributes for all <p class = “name” … > tags
what does p#name do?
sets attributes for only <p id = “name” … > tags
how would you set font equal to Palatino in italics in a CSS?
.item {
font-family: “Palatino, serif”;
font-style: italic;
}
what does font-family: “Palatino, serif” mean in a CSS?
If the browser doesn’t have Palatino, use a comparable serif font.
compare classes and IDs based on the number of uses and how to define them
classes: unlimited uses, define using “.”
IDs: can only be used once, define using “#”
what do block-level tags do and what are 2 examples?
cause a line break
<div> and <p>
</p></div>
what is an example of an inline-level tag?
<span></span>
what is an inline-level tag similar to?
a character attribute style in Word
how does <div> compare to <p>?
<div> also creates a paragraph, but has no default properties.
</div>
What is the common order of HTML tags?
<html>
<head>
*added web page features
<title>
*title bar content
</title>
</head>
<body>
*web page content
</body>
</html>
what is a web root folder?
a folder containing all the files that are visible to the public web
anything in this folder can be viewed and accessed
what is an example of a web root folder?
public.html
when should a relative path be used?
when all files are in the web root folder
when two files will be moved together
what is the icon to move up toward the root using a relative path?
../
how do absolute and relative paths differ in terms of code?
absolute paths have a “/” at the start, relative paths do not
Where does a relative path start?
on the document containing the link
what is an advantage of using a relative path?
it is easier to move pages around as you go
when should an absolute path be used?
when you are referring to something on another page that is not in your web root folder.
when two files will be moved separately
Where does an absolute path start?
at the web root folder.
which type of path is necessary for files on two different machines?
an absolute path
if the domain name is present, what type of path is being used?
absolute
