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Year 2 HSPH > HSPH overview > Flashcards

HSPH overview Flashcards

1
Q

Define objectivism/realism

A

The social world exists out there objective to us, those who perceive it

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2
Q

Define subjectivism/constructionism

A

The social world is constructed by us from our perceptions

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3
Q

Define interpretivism

A

Observations and experiences are dependent on the perspective of the observer

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4
Q

Define positivism

A

Philosophical belief - only believing what can be proved mathematically, logically or scientifically

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5
Q

Define constructivism

A

Meaningful learning when students assimilate new knowledge into an existing framework

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6
Q

Define risky self

A

Someone that performs acts on themselves in order to preserve their good health because they perceive themselves to be at risk of ill health

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7
Q

Seven social determinants of health

A 
Age
Gender
Ethnicity 
Geographical location
Socioeconomic status 
Social support
Employment
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8
Q

Five factors involved in creation of an identity

A

Internal - who we think we are
External - who others think we are
Authority - response to the external world
Location - where we locate ourselves socially
Subjectivity - how we become tied to a particular way of seeing ourselves

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9
Q

Define social capital

A

Links and bonds made between people socially allowing them to access resources

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10
Q

When was the ebola disease ‘discovered’?

A

1976

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11
Q

Four reasons the ebola virus spread so quickly?

A

Densely populated areas
Poor health facilities
Lack of awareness of disease
Traditional and religious practises aided spread e.g. washing and cleaning of the dead body

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12
Q

Two reasons scientists could not contain the ebola disease in West Africa?

A

Scientific approach alone with lack of holistic approach was inefficient
There was notable resistance against prescribed scientific methods to combat transmission

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13
Q

Define felt stigma

A

Where someone seeks to limit possibilities for stigma o occur - feels fear, guilt and shame

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14
Q

Define enacted stigma

A

Actual discrimination due to a condition

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15
Q

Felt stigma is also known as?

A

Anticipated stigma

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16
Q

Define stigma

A

A discrediting and tainting label that radically changes the way individuals view themselves and are viewed as persons

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17
Q

What is the biopsychosocial model of health?

A

Idea that disease outcome is dependent on interaction between: biological, psychological and social factors

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18
Q

Define critical realism

A

Idea that the real world exists independently of us - is out there - too many layers of social construct for us to see it

(see objectivism)

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19
Q

Define ontology

A

Study of becoming, belief and existing - what does it mean to be human at this time?

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20
Q

Define epistomology?

A

The study of knowledge - how do we know what we know?

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21
Q

Define scientific method

A

Changing one variable to measure other variables to see if the initial variable had an impact

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22
Q

Define axiology

A

The study of nature and value - how do we determine what is valuable?

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23
Q

Define adherence

A

To what extend the patients actions - with regards to taking medication - corresponds with what was agreed by the healthcare provider

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24
Q

Define compliance

A

How much the patient did what they were told to do by the doctor

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25
Q

Why is adherence preferred over compliance?

A

Adherence - too judgemental

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26
Q

Three stages of adherence are?

A

Persistance
Initiation adherence
Execution adherence

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27
Q

Define adherence: persistance

A

A length of time that a patient fills in their prescriptions

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28
Q

Define initiation adherence

A

Whether or not the patient starts with the intended pharmacotherapy

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29
Q

Define execution adherence

A

The comparison between the patient’s prescribed drug dose regime and their real drug taking behaviour

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30
Q

Average rate of adherence in developed countries is?

A

50%

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31
Q

Average rate of adherence in developing countries is?

A

<50%

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32
Q

Define health literacy

A

Being cognitively and socially able to access, understand and use information that can promote and help to maintain good health

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33
Q

Define patient education

A

The way in which healthcare professionals impart information to patients and their caregivers that will allow them to alter their health behaviours to improve their state of health

34
Q

Define patient centred care

A

Listening to, informing and involving patients in their own care
Providing care that is respectful of and responsive to individual patients preferences, needs and values

35
Q

Define self-management

A

Management of/by oneself - taking responsibility of ones own healthcare needs

36
Q

Define self-care

A

Management of necessary human regulatory function that is under individual control e.g. preventative medication

37
Q

Self-management/self-care - which is related to long term health conditions and which is related to acute health conditions?

A

Self-management - long term

Self-care - acute

38
Q

Define health inequity

A

Unfair, unjust and avoidable causes of ill-health

39
Q

Define relative poverty

A

Poverty defined by the society in which someone lives - living on less than X% of the average UK income

40
Q

Define absolute poverty

A

Set standard which is the same in all countries and does not change over time - living on less than £X per day

41
Q

Define child poverty (UK)

A

Where a child lives in a household with an income <60% of the UKs national average

42
Q

Child poverty rate of Tower Hamlets is?

A

49%

43
Q

Child poverty rate of London is?

A

37%

44
Q

Define social exclusion

A

Alienation of certain people within society e.g. society becoming richer and the poor cannot keep up

45
Q

Define deprivation

A

Damaging lack of material benefits considered to be a basic necessity within society

46
Q

Define inverse care law

A

The idea that the availability of good medical and social care varies inversely with the need of the population served i.e. the rich receive better healthcare than the poor

47
Q

What are the three most deprived areas in England?

A

Hackney
Tower Hamlets
Newham

48
Q

Define gender identity

A

Person’s innate, deeply felt sense of being male, female, neither or both

49
Q

Define biological sex

A

Biological and physical anatomy used to assign gender at birth

50
Q

Define gender expression

A

External factor - everything that communicates one gender to another e.g. hairstyle, clothing, body language

51
Q

Define gender fluidity

A

Wider and more flexible range of gender expression - interest and behaviours that may change more frequently

52
Q

Define gender queer

A

Someone who does not subscribe to conventional gender distinctions - may identify as both, neither or combination

53
Q

Define born sex role inventory (BSRI)

A

Measure of masculinity femininity and gender roles - assesses how people identify themselves psychologically

54
Q

Define queer theory

A

The rejection of the traditional categories of gender and sexuality in day to day life

Idea of moving beyond binaries

55
Q

Define biological ageing

A

Ageing dependent on the number of years of your physical existence

56
Q

Define social ageing

A

Social dimension to human ageing - dependent on the social context in which your ageing occurs

57
Q

Define ageism

A

Discrimination or unfair treatment to someone due to their age

58
Q

Define age discrimination

A

When someone is treated differently to another person in a similar situation based on a difference in their age

59
Q

Define ethnicity

A

Distinctive cultural characteristics dependent on location, language, origin and traditions

Now - nationality, religion, race

60
Q

Define culture

A

Set of beliefs and ideas that defined social groups draw upon to manage everyday lives

61
Q

Define habitus

A

Non-conscious bulk of identity - gestures and the way that we act subconsciously - talk, speak, understand the world

62
Q

What type of identity is involved in habitus?

A

Emotional identity

63
Q

WHO definition of health promotion

A

Process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their own healthcare e.g. screening/prophylactic treatment

64
Q

Define public health

A

The health of the population as a whole to: prevent disease, prolongue life and to promote health

Interventions addressing the needs of the whole population

65
Q

Health promotion vs. public health

A

Health promotion - on individual level

Public health - on the level of the whole population

66
Q

What is a joint strategic needs assessment?

A

CCGs and local authorities describe the future health, care and wellbeing needs of the local population

Identify the strategic direction of service delivery to meet those in need

67
Q

What is a health and wellbeing board?

A

Bodies introduced in health and social care act 2012

Improve integration of practitioners, public health and patient care - via production of JSNA

68
Q

What is a CCG?

A

Group of GP practises in a particular location - have a budget and can make purchases

69
Q

What is the WHO definition of health?

A

State of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not just the absence of disease or infirmity

70
Q

CCGs established when and via which act?

A

Health and wellbeing act 2012

71
Q

WHO definition of disability is?

A

Loss of function at the level of the whole person

72
Q

Define disability

A

Any restriction or lack of ability to perform activity in the range or manner considered normal for human behaviour

73
Q

Define impairment

A

Any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or function

74
Q

Define incidence

A

Number of new cases of the disease within a period of time

75
Q

Define prevalence

A

Number of cases present in a particular population during a particular time

76
Q

Main cause of physical disability in the UK is?

A

MSK condition - arthritis

77
Q

Prevalence of CVD in UK?

A

48%

78
Q

Prevalence of cancer in UK?

A

21%

79
Q

Prevalence of respiratory conditions in UK?

A

12%

80
Q

Prevalence of diabetes in UK?

A

3.8%

81
Q

Define self-efficacy

A

Our belief of whether or not we can do something

Year 2 HSPH (9 decks)

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