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HSPH overview Flashcards

1
Q

Define objectivism/realism

A

The social world exists out there objective to us, those who perceive it

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2
Q

Define subjectivism/constructionism

A

The social world is constructed by us from our perceptions

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3
Q

Define interpretivism

A

Observations and experiences are dependent on the perspective of the observer

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4
Q

Define positivism

A

Philosophical belief - only believing what can be proved mathematically, logically or scientifically

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5
Q

Define constructivism

A

Meaningful learning when students assimilate new knowledge into an existing framework

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6
Q

Define risky self

A

Someone that performs acts on themselves in order to preserve their good health because they perceive themselves to be at risk of ill health

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7
Q

Seven social determinants of health

A 
Age
Gender
Ethnicity 
Geographical location
Socioeconomic status 
Social support
Employment
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8
Q

Five factors involved in creation of an identity

A

Internal - who we think we are
External - who others think we are
Authority - response to the external world
Location - where we locate ourselves socially
Subjectivity - how we become tied to a particular way of seeing ourselves

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9
Q

Define social capital

A

Links and bonds made between people socially allowing them to access resources

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10
Q

When was the ebola disease ‘discovered’?

A

1976

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11
Q

Four reasons the ebola virus spread so quickly?

A

Densely populated areas
Poor health facilities
Lack of awareness of disease
Traditional and religious practises aided spread e.g. washing and cleaning of the dead body

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12
Q

Two reasons scientists could not contain the ebola disease in West Africa?

A

Scientific approach alone with lack of holistic approach was inefficient
There was notable resistance against prescribed scientific methods to combat transmission

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13
Q

Define felt stigma

A

Where someone seeks to limit possibilities for stigma o occur - feels fear, guilt and shame

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14
Q

Define enacted stigma

A

Actual discrimination due to a condition

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15
Q

Felt stigma is also known as?

A

Anticipated stigma

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16
Q

Define stigma

A

A discrediting and tainting label that radically changes the way individuals view themselves and are viewed as persons

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17
Q

What is the biopsychosocial model of health?

A

Idea that disease outcome is dependent on interaction between: biological, psychological and social factors

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18
Q

Define critical realism

A

Idea that the real world exists independently of us - is out there - too many layers of social construct for us to see it

(see objectivism)

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19
Q

Define ontology

A

Study of becoming, belief and existing - what does it mean to be human at this time?

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20
Q

Define epistomology?

A

The study of knowledge - how do we know what we know?

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21
Q

Define scientific method

A

Changing one variable to measure other variables to see if the initial variable had an impact

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22
Q

Define axiology

A

The study of nature and value - how do we determine what is valuable?

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23
Q

Define adherence

A

To what extend the patients actions - with regards to taking medication - corresponds with what was agreed by the healthcare provider

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24
Q

Define compliance

A

How much the patient did what they were told to do by the doctor

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25
Why is adherence preferred over compliance?
Adherence - too judgemental
26
Three stages of adherence are?
Persistance Initiation adherence Execution adherence
27
Define adherence: persistance
A length of time that a patient fills in their prescriptions
28
Define initiation adherence
Whether or not the patient starts with the intended pharmacotherapy
29
Define execution adherence
The comparison between the patient's prescribed drug dose regime and their real drug taking behaviour
30
Average rate of adherence in developed countries is?
50%
31
Average rate of adherence in developing countries is?
<50%
32
Define health literacy
Being cognitively and socially able to access, understand and use information that can promote and help to maintain good health
33
Define patient education
The way in which healthcare professionals impart information to patients and their caregivers that will allow them to alter their health behaviours to improve their state of health
34
Define patient centred care
Listening to, informing and involving patients in their own care Providing care that is respectful of and responsive to individual patients preferences, needs and values
35
Define self-management
Management of/by oneself - taking responsibility of ones own healthcare needs
36
Define self-care
Management of necessary human regulatory function that is under individual control e.g. preventative medication
37
Self-management/self-care - which is related to long term health conditions and which is related to acute health conditions?
Self-management - long term | Self-care - acute
38
Define health inequity
Unfair, unjust and avoidable causes of ill-health
39
Define relative poverty
Poverty defined by the society in which someone lives - living on less than X% of the average UK income
40
Define absolute poverty
Set standard which is the same in all countries and does not change over time - living on less than £X per day
41
Define child poverty (UK)
Where a child lives in a household with an income <60% of the UKs national average
42
Child poverty rate of Tower Hamlets is?
49%
43
Child poverty rate of London is?
37%
44
Define social exclusion
Alienation of certain people within society e.g. society becoming richer and the poor cannot keep up
45
Define deprivation
Damaging lack of material benefits considered to be a basic necessity within society
46
Define inverse care law
The idea that the availability of good medical and social care varies inversely with the need of the population served i.e. the rich receive better healthcare than the poor
47
What are the three most deprived areas in England?
Hackney Tower Hamlets Newham
48
Define gender identity
Person's innate, deeply felt sense of being male, female, neither or both
49
Define biological sex
Biological and physical anatomy used to assign gender at birth
50
Define gender expression
External factor - everything that communicates one gender to another e.g. hairstyle, clothing, body language
51
Define gender fluidity
Wider and more flexible range of gender expression - interest and behaviours that may change more frequently
52
Define gender queer
Someone who does not subscribe to conventional gender distinctions - may identify as both, neither or combination
53
Define born sex role inventory (BSRI)
Measure of masculinity femininity and gender roles - assesses how people identify themselves psychologically
54
Define queer theory
The rejection of the traditional categories of gender and sexuality in day to day life Idea of moving beyond binaries
55
Define biological ageing
Ageing dependent on the number of years of your physical existence
56
Define social ageing
Social dimension to human ageing - dependent on the social context in which your ageing occurs
57
Define ageism
Discrimination or unfair treatment to someone due to their age
58
Define age discrimination
When someone is treated differently to another person in a similar situation based on a difference in their age
59
Define ethnicity
Distinctive cultural characteristics dependent on location, language, origin and traditions Now - nationality, religion, race
60
Define culture
Set of beliefs and ideas that defined social groups draw upon to manage everyday lives
61
Define habitus
Non-conscious bulk of identity - gestures and the way that we act subconsciously - talk, speak, understand the world
62
What type of identity is involved in habitus?
Emotional identity
63
WHO definition of health promotion
Process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their own healthcare e.g. screening/prophylactic treatment
64
Define public health
The health of the population as a whole to: prevent disease, prolongue life and to promote health Interventions addressing the needs of the whole population
65
Health promotion vs. public health
Health promotion - on individual level | Public health - on the level of the whole population
66
What is a joint strategic needs assessment?
CCGs and local authorities describe the future health, care and wellbeing needs of the local population Identify the strategic direction of service delivery to meet those in need
67
What is a health and wellbeing board?
Bodies introduced in health and social care act 2012 Improve integration of practitioners, public health and patient care - via production of JSNA
68
What is a CCG?
Group of GP practises in a particular location - have a budget and can make purchases
69
What is the WHO definition of health?
State of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not just the absence of disease or infirmity
70
CCGs established when and via which act?
Health and wellbeing act 2012
71
WHO definition of disability is?
Loss of function at the level of the whole person
72
Define disability
Any restriction or lack of ability to perform activity in the range or manner considered normal for human behaviour
73
Define impairment
Any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or function
74
Define incidence
Number of new cases of the disease within a period of time
75
Define prevalence
Number of cases present in a particular population during a particular time
76
Main cause of physical disability in the UK is?
MSK condition - arthritis
77
Prevalence of CVD in UK?
48%
78
Prevalence of cancer in UK?
21%
79
Prevalence of respiratory conditions in UK?
12%
80
Prevalence of diabetes in UK?
3.8%
81
Define self-efficacy
Our belief of whether or not we can do something

Year 2 HSPH (9 decks)

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