HS2339 Week 2 Asyn_Structure of polymers 1 & 2

Question 1

Polymer formation

Answer 1

• Join through Covalent Bonding (eg ethylene into polyethylene), called addition, using free radicals
• ## or condensation, where an OH and H are removed to create water, and form an ester link

Question 2

Diagram of addition and condensation

Answer 2

Question 3

Diagram of different names for different polymers

Answer 3

Question 4

Polymer structures: attraction between chains and cross linking

Answer 4

Question 5

What is vulcanisation of rubber?

Answer 5

Rubber is treated by humans, to change its properties, to make it stiffer with addition of crosslinks
- uses sulphur and heat to break open bonds

Question 6

Polymer families and properties

Answer 6

Question 7

Diagram of hydrocarbons and possible isomers

Answer 7

isomer: Any of two or more substances that have the same molecular formula but differ in their connectivity or spatial arrangement of atoms

Question 8

Table of functional groups on polymers

Answer 8

Question 9

Table of functional groups and examples of compounds

Answer 9

Question 10

Definition of secondary bonding

Answer 10

Question 11

Diagram of dispersion forces (van der waals)

Answer 11

Question 12

Diagram of electronegativity in atoms

Answer 12

Question 13

Diagram of Secondary hydrogen bonding

Answer 13

• the hydrogen’s electron is pulled strongly towards one way ie chlorine or oxygen, causing a permanent positive charge (these are permanent dipoles)
• strong attraction (called a bond even through it isn’t really)

Question 14

How alcohol is dissolved in water

Answer 14

• water has a hydrogen bond
• as does methanol
• alcohol dissolves in water

Question 15

Secondary bonding as seen in the properties of materials eg wood

Answer 15

• make molecules align and sit together
• eg the walls of wood make of cellulose, a long carbohydrate chain
• align through hydrogen bonding

Question 16

alkanes, ketones, alcohols

Answer 16

1. alkane- the only secondary forces are dispersion forces
2. has a strong dipole in the O-H bond (hydrogen bond)- Ethanol
3. ketone

Question 17

alkane chains, change in properties as chain increases

Answer 17

• the longer the chains, the more dispersion forces present
• ## With the longer chains eg pentane becoming liquids, there is enough attraction between molecules due to van der waals, to make them liquids

Question 18

Examples of polarities in polymer chains

Answer 18

Question 19

How structure, functionality and secondary bonding influences physical properties

Answer 19

Question 20

Cumulative effect of secondary attractions between molecules

Answer 20

Question 21

bonding and forces influencing packing of molecules

Answer 21

Question 22

tacticity of chains, and how it influences the crystalline or amorphous nature of materials

Answer 22

Question 23

Summery of secondary bonding

Answer 23

• stablising structure

Question 24

How cohesive energy impacts viscosity and volatility

Answer 24

Volatility- how easily a substances vapourises

Question 25

How secondary forces influence miscibility and solubility

Answer 25

Question 26

diagram of crystalline and amorphous structures

Answer 26

In polymer chemistry, a copolymer is a polymer derived from more than one species of monomer.

Question 27

Different packing structures of polymers

Answer 27