HR PRAC 1 Flashcards
describe the tunica albuginea
thick connective tissue capsule, inner part vascularised
whats the tunica vaginalis?
pouch of serous membrane derived from the vaginal process of peritoneum surrounding testicle
what separates the testicle into lobes?
testicular septa
A: Seminiferous Tubules
B: Interstitium: Leydig Cells - look for connective tissue and arterioles here too
2 compartmentsof the seminiferous tubules
basal and adluminal
A: Leydig Cells
B: Tunica Propria (Boundary Layer, several cells thick – contains SM that contracts to propel tubular contents along)
C: Spermatids (Early)
D: Spermatogonium (Dense chromatin)
E:Sertoli Cell Nucleus (Lightly stained, triangular nucleolus)
F: Primary Spermatocyte
Diploid (A, B, D, Possibly F)
How do sertoli cells look?
These cells have triangular, lightly stained nuclei with prominent nucleoli.
The nuclei are located on the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubules but note that the cytoplasm of these cells extends into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule
A = Sertoli cells
B = Leydig cells
The spermatogenic cells can be distinguished by the pattern of chromatin:
, _______ in the spermatogonia, ______ in the spermatocytes and ______ in the spermatids
The spermatogenic cells can be distinguished by the pattern of chromatin, dense in the spermatogonia, reticulate in the spermatocytes and marginated in the spermatids
The spermatogenic cells can be distinguished by the pattern of chromatin, dense in the spermatogonia, reticulate in the spermatocytes and marginated in the spermatids
why?
64 day cycle - starts every 16 days
A: Testis
B: Tunica Albuginea
C: Epididymis (Spermatozoa in Lumen)
epididymal epithelium?
Pseudostratified stereociliated columnar epithelium
wnhats A
Epydidimis
whats this>
Seminal Vesicle: Heavily invaginated (Large SA for secretory epithelium - forms many irregular-shaped chambers opening into a central cavity)
Name 4 components of fluid produced in smeinal vesicles
Name 4 components of fluid produced here
- Fructose
- Citric acid (antioxidant
- Prostaglandins
- fibrinogen
does the seminal veslcies have a smooth muscle layer?
yes - surrounding =Contracts under sympathetic stimulation = expels fluid during ejaculation)
seminal vesicles
type of epithelium?
smeinal vesciles
Seminal Vesicle: Heaped pseudostratified epithelium
It has a pseudostratified epithelium with adluminal principal cells and smaller rounded basal cells. Surrounding the epithelium is a thick layer of connective tissue and an outer, thin layer of smooth muscle
tissue?
Prostate
prostate epithelia?
It consists of many tubules each with their own lumen and luminal epithelia composed largely of columnar epithelia cells with a few basal cells
does the prostate have a smooth muscle layer?
Like the seminal vesicle, it is also surrounded by connective tissue and smooth muscle that contracts under sympathetic stimulation
what on a prostate slide might show increasing age?
Here with this Azan staining, we can see concretions = aggregations of dead epithelial cells and precipitated secretory products = indication of increasing age
how can you tell the seminal vesicles form the prostate?
- -Seminal vesicle is often more invaginated
- -Prostate looks more tubular
- -Prostate can often be stained blue to highlight concretions
-Seminal vesicle – lipochrome pigment can aide it’s identification
Name the organ
A: Corpora Cavernosum (x2 – dorsal)
B: Corpus Spongiosum
C: Stratified Squamous Epithelium
strucutre of the penis
These three masses are enveloped by a fibro-elastic layer.
Each of these is surrounded by a connective tissue layer, the tunica albuginea, and smooth muscle. (contain lots of endothelial lined spaces)
-This is then surrounded by a loose connective tissue layer called the hypodermis, that contains blood vessels and sensory receptors
engorgement of the penis dependas on
The engorgement is dependant on parasympathetic stimulation causing vasodilatation of the smooth muscles in the arterioles
arrows and letters
A: Urethra
B: vascular sinuses
Arrow: Pacinian Corpuscle (onion) – pressure receptor
A: Urethra (Transitional Epithelium)
B:Arteriole
C: Venous Sinusoid
D: Nerve
whats this?
Prepubertal testis
Due to low levels of LH and FSH = low testosterone – no initiation of spermatogenesis
- Absence of lumen, spermatogonia only - No meiotic progression seen
- Leydig cells may not be visible
- Sertoli cells show immature features:
Scarce cytoplasm, regular outlines and small nucleoli, no tight junctions
imature testis
Due to low levels of LH and FSH = low testosterone – no initiation of spermatogenesis
- Absence of lumen, spermatogonia only - No meiotic progression seen
- Leydig cells may not be visible
- Sertoli cells show immature features:
Scarce cytoplasm, regular outlines and small nucleoli, no tight junctions
whats this show?
Effect of hypophysectomy on testis
Effect of hypophysectomy on testis - describe why?
Testosterone needed for completion of first meiotic division – so following hypophysectomy (no LH and FSH to stimulate testosterone production), spermatogenesis arrests in early meiosis and nothing more mature than a primary spermatocyte seen
-Lumen collapses as no fluid secretion from Sertoli cells
Only cells present are spermatogonia and 1o spermatocyte
T or f
Accessory glands need 5aDHT to function
T
hypophysectomy effect on the prostate?
atrophy - looks liek a bog slobby mess of cells
whats this show (pathology)
Ligation of vasa efferentia (bit between seminiferous tubules and epididymis): No fluid reabsorption in epididymis, so fluid accumulates in testis causing irreversible damage.
The seminiferous tubules become distended, the tight junctions between the sertoli cells are disrupted and fluid escapes into the spaces between the tubules. Sustained fluid pressure causes atrophy of the germinal epithelium and cessation of the spermatogenesis cycle.
Effects on testis (ligation at 28 days)
Ligation of vas deferens: no effect on the testicular structure because the excess fluid is resorbed by the epididymis.
fat
mamba
