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MVST1B HR > HR PRAC 1 > Flashcards

HR PRAC 1 Flashcards

1
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A
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2
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3
Q

describe the tunica albuginea

A

thick connective tissue capsule, inner part vascularised

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4
Q

whats the tunica vaginalis?

A

pouch of serous membrane derived from the vaginal process of peritoneum surrounding testicle

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5
Q

what separates the testicle into lobes?

A

testicular septa

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6
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A: Seminiferous Tubules

B: Interstitium: Leydig Cells - look for connective tissue and arterioles here too

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7
Q

2 compartmentsof the seminiferous tubules

A

basal and adluminal

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8
Q
A

A: Leydig Cells

B: Tunica Propria (Boundary Layer, several cells thick – contains SM that contracts to propel tubular contents along)

C: Spermatids (Early)

D: Spermatogonium (Dense chromatin)

E:Sertoli Cell Nucleus (Lightly stained, triangular nucleolus)

F: Primary Spermatocyte

Diploid (A, B, D, Possibly F)

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9
Q

How do sertoli cells look?

A

These cells have triangular, lightly stained nuclei with prominent nucleoli.

The nuclei are located on the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubules but note that the cytoplasm of these cells extends into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule

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10
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11
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A = Sertoli cells

B = Leydig cells

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12
Q

The spermatogenic cells can be distinguished by the pattern of chromatin:

, _______ in the spermatogonia, ______ in the spermatocytes and ______ in the spermatids

A

The spermatogenic cells can be distinguished by the pattern of chromatin, dense in the spermatogonia, reticulate in the spermatocytes and marginated in the spermatids

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13
Q

The spermatogenic cells can be distinguished by the pattern of chromatin, dense in the spermatogonia, reticulate in the spermatocytes and marginated in the spermatids

why?

A

64 day cycle - starts every 16 days

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14
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A

A: Testis

B: Tunica Albuginea

C: Epididymis (Spermatozoa in Lumen)

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15
Q

epididymal epithelium?

A

Pseudostratified stereociliated columnar epithelium

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16
Q

wnhats A

A

Epydidimis

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17
Q

whats this>

A

Seminal Vesicle: Heavily invaginated (Large SA for secretory epithelium - forms many irregular-shaped chambers opening into a central cavity)

18
Q

Name 4 components of fluid produced in smeinal vesicles

A

Name 4 components of fluid produced here

  • Fructose
  • Citric acid (antioxidant
  • Prostaglandins
  • fibrinogen
19
Q

does the seminal veslcies have a smooth muscle layer?

A

yes - surrounding =Contracts under sympathetic stimulation = expels fluid during ejaculation)

20
Q
A

seminal vesicles

21
Q

type of epithelium?

smeinal vesciles

A

Seminal Vesicle: Heaped pseudostratified epithelium

It has a pseudostratified epithelium with adluminal principal cells and smaller rounded basal cells. Surrounding the epithelium is a thick layer of connective tissue and an outer, thin layer of smooth muscle

22
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tissue?

A

Prostate

23
Q

prostate epithelia?

A

It consists of many tubules each with their own lumen and luminal epithelia composed largely of columnar epithelia cells with a few basal cells

24
Q

does the prostate have a smooth muscle layer?

A

Like the seminal vesicle, it is also surrounded by connective tissue and smooth muscle that contracts under sympathetic stimulation

25
Q

what on a prostate slide might show increasing age?

A

Here with this Azan staining, we can see concretions = aggregations of dead epithelial cells and precipitated secretory products = indication of increasing age

26
Q

how can you tell the seminal vesicles form the prostate?

A
  • -Seminal vesicle is often more invaginated
  • -Prostate looks more tubular
  • -Prostate can often be stained blue to highlight concretions

-Seminal vesicle – lipochrome pigment can aide it’s identification

27
Q
A

Name the organ

A: Corpora Cavernosum (x2 – dorsal)

B: Corpus Spongiosum

C: Stratified Squamous Epithelium

28
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A
29
Q

strucutre of the penis

A

These three masses are enveloped by a fibro-elastic layer.

Each of these is surrounded by a connective tissue layer, the tunica albuginea, and smooth muscle. (contain lots of endothelial lined spaces)

-This is then surrounded by a loose connective tissue layer called the hypodermis, that contains blood vessels and sensory receptors

30
Q

engorgement of the penis dependas on

A

The engorgement is dependant on parasympathetic stimulation causing vasodilatation of the smooth muscles in the arterioles

31
Q

arrows and letters

A

A: Urethra

B: vascular sinuses

Arrow: Pacinian Corpuscle (onion) – pressure receptor

32
Q
A

A: Urethra (Transitional Epithelium)

B:Arteriole

C: Venous Sinusoid

D: Nerve

33
Q

whats this?

A

Prepubertal testis

Due to low levels of LH and FSH = low testosterone – no initiation of spermatogenesis

  • Absence of lumen, spermatogonia only - No meiotic progression seen
  • Leydig cells may not be visible
  • Sertoli cells show immature features:

Scarce cytoplasm, regular outlines and small nucleoli, no tight junctions

34
Q
A

imature testis

Due to low levels of LH and FSH = low testosterone – no initiation of spermatogenesis

  • Absence of lumen, spermatogonia only - No meiotic progression seen
  • Leydig cells may not be visible
  • Sertoli cells show immature features:

Scarce cytoplasm, regular outlines and small nucleoli, no tight junctions

35
Q

whats this show?

A

Effect of hypophysectomy on testis

36
Q

Effect of hypophysectomy on testis - describe why?

A

Testosterone needed for completion of first meiotic division – so following hypophysectomy (no LH and FSH to stimulate testosterone production), spermatogenesis arrests in early meiosis and nothing more mature than a primary spermatocyte seen

-Lumen collapses as no fluid secretion from Sertoli cells

Only cells present are spermatogonia and 1o spermatocyte

37
Q

T or f

Accessory glands need 5aDHT to function

A

T

38
Q

hypophysectomy effect on the prostate?

A

atrophy - looks liek a bog slobby mess of cells

39
Q

whats this show (pathology)

A

Ligation of vasa efferentia (bit between seminiferous tubules and epididymis): No fluid reabsorption in epididymis, so fluid accumulates in testis causing irreversible damage.

The seminiferous tubules become distended, the tight junctions between the sertoli cells are disrupted and fluid escapes into the spaces between the tubules. Sustained fluid pressure causes atrophy of the germinal epithelium and cessation of the spermatogenesis cycle.

40
Q
A

Effects on testis (ligation at 28 days)

Ligation of vas deferens: no effect on the testicular structure because the excess fluid is resorbed by the epididymis.

41
Q

fat

A

mamba

MVST1B HR (13 decks)

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