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MVST1B HR > Female gametogenesis > Flashcards

Female gametogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

Spermatozoa are produced from _______ cells within _______ _____ under the control of ______ and ______

A

Spermatozoa are produced from spermatogonial stem cells within seminiferous tubules under the control of androgens and FSH

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2
Q

Testicular fluid is produced by ________ and carries sperm out of testis

A

Testicular fluid is produced by Sertoli cells and carries sperm out of testis

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3
Q

Androgens are produced …..wehre?

by?

A

Androgens are produced outside the tubules by Leydig cells under control of LH

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4
Q

Inhibin is produced by Sertoli cells under the control of ____

A

Inhibin is produced by Sertoli cells under the control of FSH

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5
Q

compare the testis and the ovary

quantity

fluid

time period

A
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6
Q

describ testis germ cells/

A

Germ cells in tubules

  • Are called spermatogonial stem cells
  • The stem cells are mitotic during fetal life
  • They then become quiescent Post-natally
  • Most germ cells survive to adulthood

a large population of renewable cells remains at puberty

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7
Q

compare the testis and ovary germ cells?

A
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8
Q

ovary germ cells are locacted>

A

in primordial follicles

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9
Q

ovary germ cells are called

A

primary oocytes

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10
Q

when do female germ cells enter their first meitotic division?

A

Germ cells enter first meiotic division during fetal life

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11
Q

what is the the dictyate stage

A

Soon after they arrest in first meiotic prophase: the dictyate stage

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12
Q

when do most female germ cells die

A

around the time fo birth

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13
Q

T or F for females?

*relatively few oocytes are left by puberty *

A

T

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14
Q

whne are the polar bodies extruded?

A

1st = before fertilisation

2nd = after fertilisationq

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15
Q

T or F

The oocyte develops within a follicle

A

Y

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16
Q

after the oocyte is released the follicle becomes?

A

the corpus luteum

tehn the corpus albicans

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17
Q

descrieb what is meant by atresia

A
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18
Q

are most eggs lost to atresia?

A

yes

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19
Q

T or F

Eggs and follicles can be lost at any stafge through atresia

A

T

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20
Q

Zona pellucida proteins made by….

A

Zona pellucida proteins made by egg itself

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21
Q

describe the granulosa?

A

multilayer coat

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22
Q

Primordial to Preantral follicle developemnt does or doesnt depend on exogenous hormones?

A

it does not.

nor does it produce any hormones

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23
Q

describe an early antral follicle

A
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24
Q

describe Expanded antral follicle

A
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25
describe the cumulus ooferus
– surround the egg like a cloud.
26
heres an antral follicle
27
whats required for antral follicle formation?
gonadotrophins secreted by ant pituitary LH and FSH
28
do LH and FSH share a chain?
share alpha chain - but have a unique Beta chain
29
thecal cells analogous to....... in testis
thecal cells analogous to Leydig cells in testis
30
* Granulosa cells develop ____ receptors and require \_\_\_\_ * Thecal cells develop ____ receptors and require \_\_\_-
* Granulosa cells develop FSH receptors and require FSH * Thecal cells develop LH receptors and require LH
31
when do the thecal cells make androgens?
under LH stimulation
32
under LH stimulation, thecal cells make androgens *↳ Analogous to leidig cells-* • Some of these pass to granulosa cells which in presence of FSH converts androgens to \_\_\_\_\_\_
↳ Analogous to leidig cells- • Some of these pass to granulosa cells which in presence of FSH converts androgens to oestrogens
33
oestrogen synthesis requires cell \_\_\_\_\_\_
oestrogen synthesis requires cell cooperation
34
how is oestrogen involved in local postive feedback?
Oestrogens also bind and stimulate the granulosa cells that made them \*a system of positive feedback
35
Schematic view of oestrogen biosynthesis pathway
Schematic view of oestrogen biosynthesis pathway
36
Inhibin is made in the...
Inhibin is made in the granulosa cells
37
Inhibin production is low during preantral phases but starts to _____ as the antrum develops
Inhibin production is low during preantral phases but starts to rise as the antrum develops
38
Rising inhibin levels stimulate .....
Rising inhibin levels stimulate androgen output by the thecal cells and its conversion to oestrogens by the granulosa cells
39
does inhibin also increase the output of oestrogens?
yes
40
describe the preovulatory follicle
* rising oestrogen * thecal output of androgens rises as it becomes hyperaemic * follicular fluid secretion increases rapidly and the follicular antrum swells * requires high LH
41
\*The follicle approaches ovulation\* As it does so, the granulosa cells also develop _____ receptors and start synthesising _____ under ___ stimlation
\*The follicle approaches ovulation\* As it does so, the granulosa cells also develop LH receptors and start synthesising progesterone under LH stimulation
42
high levels of LH around ovulation lead to what in the oocyte?
Oocyte meiosis reactivates due to the high levels of LH
43
describe the oocyte re-entering meiosis as ovulation approaches
* • The prophase nuclear membrane breaks down * • The oocyte enters first meiotic metaphase, then anaphase then telophase as a primary oocyte * • The first meiotic division is unequal and produces a small first polar body and a large oocyte * • The oocyte then immediately enters the second meiotic division as a secondary oocyte It gets as far as second meiotic metaphase but then arrests a second time \*The oocyte is ovulated arrested in 2nd meiotic metaphase\*
44
describe ovulation:
* The follicle surface thins and ruptures at the stigma: LH required - prostaglandins involved * The oocyte is released to the surface of the ovary in its cumulus oophorus carried in follicular fluid * The antrum collapses and is invaded by blood vessels * The granulosa cells transform into large lutein cells * Some of the thecal cells mingle with them as small luteal cells * \*The corpus luteum has formed\*
45
how si the egg swept up into the falopian tube?
Frimbrae of oviduct close contact to stigma – sweep up egg into fallopian tube
46
Corpus luteum produces -\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Corpus luteum produces progesterone
47
lfiespan of corpus luteum\>
14 days high elvels of LH are required to maintain the corpus luteum
48
The ...... is the post-ovulatory follicle
The Corpus Luteum is the post-ovulatory follicle
49
in the corpus luteum: ## Footnote The small luteal cells derived from the theca interna cells continue to produce andro\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
The small luteal cells derived from the theca interna cells continue to produce androgens
50
Progesterone is secreted in large amounts post ovulation and is required for ......
Progesterone is secreted in large amounts and is required for maintenance of pregnancy
51
corpus luteum image:
52
where is the ant pituritaty located? which pouch?
Anterior: Rathke’s pouch
53
what do the follwing cells of teh anterior pituitary produce? ## Footnote Gonadotrophs: Lactotrophs: Somatotrophs Corticotrophs: hyrotrophs:
Gonadotrophs: LH and FSH Lactotrophs: Prolactin Somatotrophs: GH Corticotrophs: ACTH T hyrotrophs: TSH
54
since GnRH secretion is pulsatile. is LH secretion pulsatile to?
yeds
55
GnRH is a _____ ptpide size
GnRH – small peptide – 10 AA peptide hormone
56
T or F ## Footnote In the male only negative feedback occurs
T
57
In the male only negative feedback occurs elaborate
* Rising testosterone inhibits LH and FSH output * Rising inhibin selectively inhibits FSH output
58
59
T ro F ## Footnote In females oestrogen exerts both types of feedback
T
60
In females oestrogen exerts both types of feedback elavorate
* Slowly rising oestrogen inhibits LH and FSH output switch: * Rapidly rising oestrogen stimulates LH and FSH output
61
62
Inhibin specifically inhibits ___ release
Inhibin specifically inhibits FSH release
63
Error: previous card said oestrogen causes hot flushes:
more likely to be FSH and Lh levels which are high post meopausal
64
Progesterone and oestrogen lead to ? uterus lining properties
Progesterone and oestrogen -= thickening of uterus lining
65
Corpus luteum is responsible for what oestrogen surge?
Corpus luteum = late oestrogen surge
66
describe how Mucus changes consisitency:
Mucus changes consisitency: Thinner mucus after ovulation – allows sperm penetration
67
why doesnt FSH surge with the LH surfe?
oestrogen +VE feedback stimulatory. Leda to more inhibin – stops FSH Therefore LH surge only.
68
describe how Kiss1 neurones mediate postivie and negative feedback
Females have 2 popualtions of KISS1 neurones – produce kisspeptin 1 population in arcuate 1 population in preoptic area Oestrogen acts positively on preoptic areas
69
Progesterone supresses....
Progesterone supresses LH and FSH
70
2 mechansims Progesterone supresses LH and FSH
* Progesterone has a direct negative feedback effect * Progesterone also inhibits the positive feedback effect of oestrogen * \* in the presence of high progesterone LH & FSH output is very depressed\*
71
Luteal phase picture
72
describe the pelvic clock
ovaries drive the pelvic clock through their hormone release Since follicular dynamics control the timing, we often speak of the pelvic clock
73
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MVST1B HR (13 decks)

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