HR - Chapter 1 Vocabulary

Question 1

Asexual Reproduction

Answer 1

A form of reproduction that only involves one parent (Pg. 18)

Question 2

Binary Fission

Answer 2

A form of asexual reproduction in which single-called organisms divide into two new individuals that are identical to each other and are clones of the parent cell (Pg. 20)

Question 3

Cancer

Answer 3

A disease in which a cell divides uncontrollably, develops when a mutation occurs in the cell that affects how that cell divides (Pg. 12)

Question 4

Carcinogens

Answer 4

A chemical or toxin in the environment that can damage DNA in cels and cause cancer (Pg. 12)

Question 5

Cell Cycle

Answer 5

The process by which the parent cell grows, duplicates itself, and divides to produce new daughter cells, usually two (Pg. 8)

Question 6

Chromosome

Answer 6

A structure in the cell nucleus that contains DNA (Pg. 9)

Question 7

Cleaveage

Answer 7

The process by which a zygote divides into two or more cells to produce an embryo (Pg. 29)

Question 8

Clones

Answer 8

An offspring that is an identical copy of the parent (Pg. 18)

Question 9

Cross-pollination

Answer 9

The transfer of pollen from one plant to the stigma of another plant (Pg. 31)

Question 10

Cytokinesis

Answer 10

The phase of the cell cycle during which the cell contents divide and the cell membrane pinches in to produce two separate daughter cells; in plant cells, the cell wall also grows between the daughter cells to separate them (Pg. 9)

Question 11

Diploid

Answer 11

The characteristic of having a double set of chromosomes (Pg. 10)

Question 12

DNA

Answer 12

Deoxyribonucleic Acid - a long molecule that stores a cell’s genetic information, which directs all the cell’s functions (Pg. 9)

Question 13

Eggs

Answer 13

A sex cell from a female (Pg. 27)

Question 14

Embryo

Answer 14

An underdeveloped multicellular life form during the earliest stage of its development (Pg. 29)

Question 15

Fertilization

Answer 15

The union of a sperm cell with an egg cell (Pg. 27)

Question 16

Gametes

Answer 16

A sex cell; sex cells from females are called eggs or ova; sex cells from males are called sperm; gametes are haploid (Pg. 27)

Question 17

Haploid

Answer 17

The characteristic of having a single set of chromosomes; two haploid cells join together in the process of fertilization (Pg. 11)

Question 18

Hermaphrodite

Answer 18

An animal that is able to produce both male and female gametes (Pg. 30)

Question 19

Interphase

Answer 19

The phase of the cell cycle during which al cell performs normal cell functions, grows, and prepares for cell division (Pg. 9)

Question 20

Meiosis

Answer 20

The process of cell division that produces gametes, each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell (Pg. 29)

Question 21

Mitosis

Answer 21

The phase of the cell cycle during which the nucleus divides to produce an exact copy of itself (Pg. 9)

Question 22

Ovules

Answer 22

The female gametes of a plant; found in the pistil, or female structure, of the plant (Pg. 31)

Question 23

Pollen

Answer 23

The male gamete of a plant; found on the stamen, or male structure, of the plant (Pg. 31)

Question 24

Self-pollination

Answer 24

The transfer of pollen from a plant to the stigma of the same plant (Pg. 31)

Question 25

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 25

A form of reproduction that involves the union of two sex cells which come together to produce a new individual (Pg. 27)

Question 26

Sperm

Answer 26

A sex cell from a male (Pg. 27)

Question 27

Spores

Answer 27

A haploid cell that can develop into a new individual (Pg. 21)

Question 28

Tumour

Answer 28

A clump of cancer cells (Pg. 12)

Question 29

Zygote

Answer 29

A single cell produced from the joining of two gametes (Pg. 29)