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sf final > hpl sf foxtrot > Flashcards

hpl sf foxtrot Flashcards

1
Q

A pilot accustomed to landing on a wide runway may feel, when on approach to a narrow runway, that he/she is
[ ] on the approach with the tendency to then [ ].

[too low][too high] [overshoot][land short]

A

[too high]
[land short]

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2
Q

When travelling to tropical regions, what should be avoided to prevent gastrointestinal upset?

A

[reheated or partially cooked food]

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3
Q

What do we say about human error?

a. it is inevitable
b. you can avoid it once you gain more flying experience
c. you can sometimes avoid it if you are rested well and had additional training
d. you can easily avoid it if you try hard enough.

A

a. it is inevitable

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4
Q

Consider hypoxia - which of the below are correct regarding Effective Performance Time (EPT).

  1. EPT is shorter than the Time of Useful Consciousness (TUC), for any given altitude.
  2. The duration of EPT varies little between individuals.
  3. The effect of stress on the duration of EPT is minimal.
  4. For a person at rest, EPT can be about 5-6 seconds at 40,000ft.

a. 2 and 3
b. 1 and 3
c. 2 and 4
d. 1 and 4

A

d. 1 and 4

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5
Q

According to James Reason, an organisation which collects and analyses relevant date relates top which components of safety culture?

a. Learning
b. Reporting
c. Informed
d. Just

A

c. Informed

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6
Q

What is the expiratory reserve volume?

select one

a. is the volume of air remaining in the lungs even after the most forceful expiration.

b. it is the volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each normal breath.

c. is the extra volume of air that can be inhaled over and beyond the normal tidal volume.

d. is the amount of air that can be still exhaled by forceful expiration after the end of the normal tidal expiration.

A

d. is the amount of air that can be still exhaled by forceful expiration after the end of the normal tidal expiration.

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7
Q

After looking down at the flight log in flight, when the pilot looks out again he/she realises that the aircraft is banked 20 degrees to the right. The pilot immediately resorts level flight, however feels that they are turning left. What is being described?

a. This is a somatogravic illusion, which involves angular acceleration lasting for more than 30 seconds, giving the false sensation of being in straight and level flight while the aircraft is actually turning.

b. This is an illusion caused by a malfunction of the vestibular system that usually occurs when visual reference is lost for more than 30 seconds and the pilot is NOT trained in reduced visibility.

c. This is a vestibular illusion called ‘leans’ which can occur during VFR and IFR flights: it must be counteracted by referring to the instruments, since the false sensation of bank may last or quite a while.

d. This is the ‘leans’, a vestibular illusion that does not occur during the VFR flight, because outside visual cues are present, and sight is the most important sense to rely on in case of conflicting sensorial information.

A

c. This is a vestibular illusion called ‘leans’ which can occur during VFR and IFR flights: it must be counteracted by referring to the instruments, since the false sensation of bank may last or quite a while.

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8
Q

What of the following form part of the 9 steps in decision making?

a. high workload, risk assessment, consequences

b. development of options, confirmation of bias, implementation.

c. risk assessment, evaluation of options, review and feedback.

d. definition of the aim, decision, ergonomics

A

c. risk assessment, evaluation of options, review and feedback.

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9
Q

The main variable for the control of human respiration is [ ].

A

[carbon dioxide concentration]

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10
Q

What is the somatic nervous system responsible for?

a. it is responsible for body movement and sensing of external stimuli and is mostly concerned with conscious functions.

b. is is mostly concerned with unconscious functions like the control of blood vessels and the internal organs.

c. it is blandly responsible for preparing the body for action e.g. secreting adrenaline for fight or flight.

d. it controls the activities and functions of the gut.

A

a. it is responsible for body movement and sensing of external stimuli and is mostly concerned with conscious functions.

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11
Q

When a pilot is controlling an aircraft, the ability to maintain level flight while adjusting the power, without effort or conscious thought, is a skill kept in the:

a. working memory

b. long term memory

c. semantic memory

d. short term memory

A

b. long term memory

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12
Q

In the Swiss cheese model, what do the holes represent?

a. missing data in the risk management system

b. errors in the system or process

c. systems or processes designed to prevent harm

d. systems or processes put in place to reduce risk

A

b. errors in the system or process

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13
Q

What of the following statements correctly described the equalisation of pressure within the ear during climb and descent?

a. pressure differences between the inner ear and the outside environment are eliminated by the Eustachian tube, which connects the ear with the nasal passage.

b. pressure differences between the middle ear and the outside environment are equalised by the Otolith tube, which connects the ear with the sinus cavities.

c. pressure differences between the middle ear and the outside environment are eliminated by the Eustachian tube, which connects the ear with the back of the throat.

d. pressure differences between the inner ear and the outside environment are equalise day the Otolith tube, which connects the ear with the nasal passage.

A

c. pressure differences between the middle ear and the outside environment are eliminated by the Eustachian tube, which connects the ear with the back of the throat.

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14
Q

After passing the ‘break-point’ performance:

a. peaks then level out
b. is initially degraded then becomes enhanced
c. is enhanced
d. is degraded

A

d. is degraded

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15
Q

A major source of error using check lists is that they may be responded to
[ ] rather than [ ].

A

[automatically] [diligently]

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16
Q

What is the alveolus surrounded by?

select one

a. alveolar ducts
b. mucous glands
c. capillaries
d. bronchioles

A

c. capillaries

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17
Q

The symptoms caused by gas bubbles under the skin following a decompression are called:

a. bends
b. creeps
c. chokes
d. leans

A

b. creeps

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18
Q

What part of the vestibular systems detects linear acceleration?

a. the saccule
b. the otoliths
c. the cochlea
d. the semi-circular canals

A

b. the otoliths

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19
Q

High altitude flight operations expose flight crew to increased levels of cosmic radiation. The four main factors influencing the level of radiation, in order of relative importance are:

a. altitude, latitude, solar activity (e.g. solar flares) and the height of the ionosphere.

b. altitude, airspeed, the earth’s magnetic field and solar activity (e.g. solar flares)

c. latitude, altitude, space weather (e.g. solar storms) and the earth’s magnetic field

d. altitude, latitude, normal solar activity and random solar activity (e.g. solar flares).

A

d. altitude, latitude, normal solar activity and random solar activity (e.g. solar flares).

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20
Q

The analysis of aviation accidents distinguished between active and latent failures. Which of the following scenarios is an example of a latent failure?

a. after the leading aircraft slows down more than anticipated on final approach, the air traffic controller realises too late that the minimum separation is reduced.

b. the pilot correctly reads back the new altitude assignment during a climb but proceeds to set it incorrectly in the autopilot mode control panel.

c. the aircraft technician fails to follow all the steps on the job card and forgets to reconnect the altimeter’s static port during a routine maintenance check.

d. the airline management decided to cut costs in all departments, including the flight training department, due to a global economic downturn.

A

d. the airline management decided to cut costs in all departments, including the flight training department, due to a global economic downturn.

21
Q

The circadian rhythm will resynchronise to local time after [ ] days when crossing time zones changing by
[ ] hours.

A

[ 1 ]
[ 1-1.5 ]

22
Q

A co-pilot with extensive experience on type is crewed with a new Captain who is relatively inexperienced. Whilst on final approach in bad weather the co-pilot states ‘I’ll make it’ despite the crew not having established visual reference with the landing area. The Captain doesn’t react. This is an example of:

a. risky shift
b. a mismatch of role and status
c. synergistic cockpit authority gradient
d. conformity

A

b. a mismatch of role and status

23
Q

What level of received nouse can cause Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL)?

a. exposure to continuous, high frequencies above 10hz and intense sounds above 120db

b. exposure to sudden, low frequencies below 20hz and/ or continuous high frequencies above 20hz

c. exposure to loud, intense sounds above 85db and low, continuous frequencies below 20hz

d. a one-time exposure to noises above 120db and/or continuous exposure to nose above 85db

A

d. a one-time exposure to noises above 120db and/or continuous exposure to nose above 85db

24
Q

In the absence of external reference points, the sensations that the vehicle in which you are sitting is moving when it is in fact the vehicle directly alongside which is moving is a [ ] illusion.

A

[relative motion]

25
Q

The three types of Trans-Cockpit Authority Gradients and associated leadership styles are:

a. automatic, followership and laisser-faire
b.autocratic, laisser-faire and synergistic
c. laisser0faire, macho, synergistic
d. synergistic, autocratic and conformist

A

b.autocratic, laisser-faire and synergistic

26
Q

Which of the following is the most important basis for a good safety culture?

select one

a. a management willing to accept lessons learned.
b. a non-punitive reporting system.
c. an accident research group
d. a critical incident stress management system

A

b. a non-punitive reporting system.

27
Q

When assessing an individual’s risk in developing coronary artery disease, which of the following factors may contribute?

[ ]

  1. obesity
  2. distress
  3. smoking
    d. family history
A

[ all ]

28
Q

What is meant by risky shift?

a. the process by which the central decision maker will ignore any information which does not fit the mental model created to explain phenomena.

b. the tendency of a group accepting a higher degree of risk than any individual in the group.

c. a flight or task undertaken at a time when the circadian rhythms are at their lowest level.

d. the process by which the working memory will offloads information to the long term memory during a high stress situation.

A

b. the tendency of a group accepting a higher degree of risk than any individual in the group.

29
Q

A pilot climbing in a non-pressurised aircraft, and without using supplemental oxygen, will pass the ‘critical threshold’ at approximately:

a. 20,000 - 22,000ft
b. 32,000 - 38,000ft
c. 7,000 - 10,000ft
d. 0-6,000ft

A

a. 20,000 - 22,000ft

30
Q

In modern commercial jet airliner, the ambient cabin pressure is normally maintained at between [ ] and [ ].

A

[6,000ft]
[8,000ft]

31
Q

Whilst in VMC en-route to the destination airfield in mountainous terrain, an instrument fails. The pilot decided to continue the flight. When nearing the destination airfield, the weather deteriorates to IMC conditions. The pilot continues with the flight and crashes into a mountain. What type of error is this?

a. action slip

b. lapse error

c. design error

d. error chain

A

d. error chain

32
Q

What is a threat?

a. Flight crew input causing a reduction in safety margin.

b. External events that occur beyond the influence of the flight crew.

c. Flight crew input causing a reduction of efficiency of the operations.

d. Any action or inaction by the flight crew.

A

b. External events that occur beyond the influence of the flight crew.

33
Q

List the ICAO eight core competencies

/

A
34
Q

Our mental model of the world is based on:

a. our experiences and learning

b. environmental stimuli received at that moment

c. information and experiences stored that can be easily changed

d. our perception of the environment surrounding us

A

a. our experiences and learning

35
Q

In the absence of external time cues, what is the approximate durations of a free running circadian rhythm?

a. 10-12 hours
b. 6-8 hours
c. 1-2 hours
d. 24-48 hours

A

d. 24-48 hours

36
Q

Presbycusis is a hearing impairment caused by [ ].

[age] [damage to cochlea] [smoking]

A

[age]

37
Q

The retina contains two kinds of light - sensitive receptors, namely rods and cones. Cones are:

a. concentrated towards the centre of the field of vision and are responsible for colour vision.

b. concentrated towards the centre of the field of vision and are responsible for night vision.

c. have a higher concentration further away from the centre of the visual field and are responsible for night vision.

d. have a higher concentration further away from the centre of the visual field and are responsible for colour vision.

A

d. have a higher concentration further away from the centre of the visual field and are responsible for colour vision.

38
Q

Following a cabin pressure loss at 35,000ft the time of useful consciousness will be approximately [ ].

A

[30-90seconds]

39
Q

What is concentrated to be an excessive consumption of caffeine?

a. 3mg/day

b. 40-65mg/day

c. 150 mg/day

d. 250mg/day

A

d. 250mg/day

40
Q

What is correct about pre-flight briefings? They should:

a. cover activities only during and after the flight

b. contain very little information to avoid confusing the operating crew

c. be adapted to each specific flight for the crew to operate effectively.

d. cover all possible events

A

c. be adapted to each specific flight for the crew to operate effectively.

41
Q

A crew ready to depart Orlando, USA bound for Manchester, UK are experiencing severe thunderstorm activity . The decision to delay take-off is an example of
[ ].

A

[direct action coping].

42
Q

Which of the following is an effect of positive acceleration along the Gz axis?

a. a decrease in the amount of blood reaching the brain.

b. a decrease in blood pressure in the lower part of body and pooling of blood above the heart .

c. an increase in blood pressure in the upper part of the body.

d. a deteriorating in vision causing everything to appear red.

A

a. a decrease in the amount of blood reaching the brain.

43
Q

Which of the following is a human factor that is not cumulative nor prone to escalation?

[colour blindness] [errors] [stress factors] [human conflict] [carbon monoxide poisoning]

A

[carbon monoxide poisoning]

44
Q

During an approach with thunderstorms in the vicinity, you notice that the visibility has dropped below published minima. This is a/an [ ] and it can be
[ ] by a thorough and proper briefing.

[threat] [ [identified] [error] [eliminated]

A

[threat]

[identified]

45
Q

for a complete adaption to darkness our eyes need up to:

a. 10 seconds
b. 10 minutes
c. 30 minutes
d. 3 minutes

A

c. 30 minutes

46
Q

Between which two components of the SHELL model does misinterpretation of the analogue three-point altimeter occur?

a. liveware-liveware
b. liveware-software
c. liveware-hardware
d. liveware-environment

A

c. liveware-hardware

47
Q

What is a typical blood pressure for a hypertension sufferer?

  1. 140/90
  2. 120/80
  3. 90/60
  4. 100/60
A
  1. 140/90
48
Q

An under-confident and unassuming First Officer is promoted to Captain. Such a person could exhibit a behaviour pattern which is…..

a. successfully altered by the training programme’s focus on leadership qualities.

b. influenced by the new role and publicly exhibit respect and competence.

c. characterised by an outward show of aggregate

A

sf final (4 decks)

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