How To Examine Cells And Tissues

Question 1

What are the 4 types of tissue?

Answer 1

Epithelial, muscle, connective, nervous

Question 2

Wha does connective tissue consist of?

Answer 2

Cells and extracellular proteins/glycoproteins and ‘gels’.

Question 3

What are the 3 types of muscles cells?

Answer 3

Skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Question 4

Define the limit of resolution.

Answer 4

The smallest distance by which two objects can be separated and still be distinguishable as two separate objects.

Question 5

What does periodic acid-schiff stain identify?

Answer 5

Anything with a sugar attached - glycocalyx

Question 6

Method of frozen section.

Answer 6

Specimen on metal disc frozen rapidly to -20 - -30C, then cut with a microtome in cryostat. Then stained with haematoxylin.

Question 7

Tissue preparation for light microscope.

Answer 7

Fix with formalin, embed in paraffin wax and stain.

Question 8

Tissue preparation for electron microscope.

Answer 8

Fix with glutaraldehyde, embed in epoxy resin then stain.

Question 9

How do confocal microscopes work?

Answer 9

A laser excites a fluorescent dye and the electrons are raised to a higher energy level. As electron relaxes back to its ground state, a light with a higher wavelength is emitted. This higher wavelength is detected.

Question 10

What are some advantages of cell culture?

Answer 10

You have absolute control over the physical environment, reduced need for animal models.

Question 11

What are some disadvantages of cell culture?

Answer 11

Hard to maintain, high cost for a small amount of tissue, dedifferentiation.