How the Nazi party came to power 1929-Jan1933 Flashcards
What was the Wall Street Crash?
It occurred in America and affected most o the industrialised west. Germany was impacted because Germany was heavily dependant on US loans
THE IMPACT OF THE GD
How high was unemployment rates?
On January 1929 it was 2850000 and on January 1933 it was 6014000. By 1932 nearly 33% of the workforce was unemployed
THE IMPACT OF THE GD
Why did government revenue fall?
They were making less money from taxes
THE IMPACT OF THE GD
Why did government expenditure rise?
Increase in benefit payments (was only meant to support 800000 unemployed people)
THE IMPACT OF THE GD
What happened on July 1931?
The collapse of the Austrian bank, Kredit Anstalt
THE IMPACT OF THE GD
Why did the government have to support the banks?
People were withdrawing their money therefore, the banks had no money
THE IMPACT OF THE GD
What did France do?
They blocked an emergency loan to Germany
THE IMPACT OF THE GD
What happened in 1932?
There was no sign of Germany improving so a committee of financial experts agreed that reparations and inter-allied debts should be cancelled
FAILINGS OF THE WEIMAR GOVERNMENT
Who was the Great Coalition government of 1928 under?
Chancellor Muller
FAILINGS OF THE WEIMAR GOVERNMENT
Why did the unemployment insurance system create a crisis?
Different parties wanted to take different approaches
FAILINGS OF THE WEIMAR GOVERNMENT
Why did the cabinet resign?
Attempts to compromise failed and Hindenburg refused to grant Muller emergency power to approve his budget
FAILINGS OF THE WEIMAR GOVERNMENT
What ended on September 1930?
Democracy
FAILINGS OF THE WEIMAR GOVERNMENT
Who did Hindenburg appoint as Chancellor in March 1930?
Henrich Bruning
FAILINGS OF THE WEIMAR GOVERNMENT
Why did Bruning rule through Article 48?
Because his party did not have majority and he would ask to dissolve the Reichstag
FAILINGS OF THE WEIMAR GOVERNMENT
What did Bruning want to do?
Increase taxes and cut welfare spending
FAILINGS OF THE WEIMAR GOVERNMENT
How many seats did the Nazis party increase in the 1930 election?
12 to 107 seats. 33% of the popular vote
FAILINGS OF THE WEIMAR GOVERNMENT
Why was the Nazi party popular?
They provided a sense of belonging through food and a uniform
FAILINGS OF THE WEIMAR GOVERNMENT
What did the Nazis party not like?
The ban he had imposed on the SA
THE RISE&APPEAL OF HITLER
Who had seats in the Reichstag in 1933?
The KPD had 81 seats and the NSDAP had 288 seats
THE RISE&APPEAL OF HITLER
When did Hitler become the leader of the Nazi party?
In 1921
THE RISE&APPEAL OF HITLER
What did Hitler do when he was in jail?
He wrote about his beliefs in a book
THE RISE&APPEAL OF HITLER
What organisations did Hitler set up?
The Hitler Youth and the Students’ League
THE RISE&APPEAL OF HITLER
Who was in charge of propaganda?
Goebbels
THE RISE&APPEAL OF HITLER
How did the depression provide the party with its electoral breakthrough?
The Weimar was weak and was unable to deal with the crisis, the Nazi party provided public work schemes to tackle unemployment and many people feared communism
THE RISE&APPEAL OF HITLER
What was the purpose of propaganda and rallies?
To portray Hitler as the one who could solve all of their problems
THE RISE&APPEAL OF HITLER
What are the factors behind their success?
Support of industrialists-financial backing as they were making donations, they were well organised-their leaders were trained, they made promises to voters and many other political parties underestimated the Nazis
THE RISE&APPEAL OF HITLER
What promises did they make?
The unemployed were promised jobs, farmers were promised higher prices and shopkeepers were promised protection from larger stores
THE RISE&APPEAL OF HITLER
Why did the other political parties underestimate the Nazis?
Because of the unrealistic promises which they made to the public
ROLE OF PROPAGANDA
What did local groups do?
They were trained in art and they came up with new publishing techniques
ROLE OF PROPAGANDA
What did Goebbels do in 1932?
He flew Hitler around Germany so he could speak 3-4 rallies a day
ROLE OF PROPAGANDA
What did the Nazis do to communism?
They attacked it which caused some problems at communist rallies so they would send in the SA
ROLE OF PROPAGANDA
How did communism help the Nazi party to gain support?
Many people feared it so they played on it
ROLE OF PROPAGANDA
Were the November 1932 elections successful?
No they lost popular votes and the number of seats in the Reichstag
BACKSTAIRS INTRIGUE
Why did the Nazis party lose support?
They were unable to fund a full scale election campaign
BACKSTAIRS INTRIGUE
What did Schleicher try to do when he came Chancellor?
He tried to get some Nazi members to join his government so he could win his regime but Hitler would not allow it
BACKSTAIRS INTRIGUE
What did Schleicher do which worried industrialists?
He attempted to gain support from the SPD and the Trade Unions with the promise of economic reforms
BACKSTAIRS INTRIGUE
What did Papen do when he was removed from power?
He talked through intermediaries with Hitler to get revenge and remove Schleicher
BACKSTAIRS INTRIGUE
What did Hindenburg do when Schleicher couldn’t gain majority in the Reichstag?
Hindenburg lost confidence in him and invited Hitler to government because of the Nazis decline in the November elections
BACKSTAIRS INTRIGUE
When did Schleicher resign?
28th January 1933
HITLER’S APPOINTMENT AS CHANCELLOR
What did Hitler refuse to be?
The Vice Chancellor
HITLER’S APPOINTMENT AS CHANCELLOR
What was agreed about Hitler and Papen?
Hitler would lead a Nazi-Nationalist coalition whilst Papen is the Vice Chancellor
HITLER’S APPOINTMENT AS CHANCELLOR
What was Papen able to do over Hitler?
He was able to control Hitler and it was the best way to defeat the threat from the left
HITLER’S APPOINTMENT AS CHANCELLOR
How many people in the cabinet were Nazis?
2 out of 10
HITLER’S APPOINTMENT AS CHANCELLOR
Why did the government not command a majority in the Reichstag?
So they couldn’t bring in radical legislation
HITLER’S APPOINTMENT AS CHANCELLOR
When was Hitler appointed as Chancellor?
30th January 1933 because Hindenburg could sack him whenever he wanted
HITLER’S APPOINTMENT AS CHANCELLOR
How could Hitler’s appointment have been avoided?
The Nazi party was virtually bankrupt, some signs of the economy was going to recover and Nazi support was falling
