Challenges to the Weimar 1919-1932 Flashcards
Weimar constitution key structures
Proportional representation-parties were represented in proportion to how many votes they got, Federation-the president is accountable to the Reichstag and the voters, Veto-lost its power to block laws passed up from the Reichstag, Article48-passed in state of emergency and gave the president all of the power
SPARTACISTS REVOLT (COMMUNISTS) When and where did they try to seize power?
January 1919 in Berlin
SPARTACISTS REVOLT (COMMUNISTS) How many workers were involved in the strike?
Over 100000
SPARTACISTS REVOLT (COMMUNISTS) What buildings did they hold?
Key government building-telegraph offices
SPARTACISTS REVOLT (COMMUNISTS) Who stopped the threat?
The Freikorps and the military
SPARTACISTS REVOLT (COMMUNISTS) Who was murdered?
The leaders, Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht
SPARTACISTS REVOLT (COMMUNISTS) What did the workers hoped would happen?
That their industry would be nationalised and a soviet-style government would be established
COMMUNISTS
What/when were they able to take control?
The Ruhr on March 1920
COMMUNISTS
Why was there a revolt?
They viewed that the army was undemocratic
COMMUNISTS
What happened to them?
They were quickly crushed by the army and the Freikorps
KAPP PUTSCH (RW) What happened?
One group marched into Berlin and proclaimed as Chancellor Wolfgang Kapp
KAPP PUTSCH (RW) What did the government do and why?
They had to flee because the army refused to crush the rising
KAPP PUTSCH (RW) Why did the rising stop?
The trade unions called a general strike which stopped public services (water, gas, electricity)
KAPP PUTSCH (RW) What was the positive impact of the rising?
At the June 1920 elections the army installed a right wing government in Bavaria-remain a hot bed for radicalism
KAPP PUTSCH (RW) What was the negative impact if the rising?
There was further left wing uprisings
MUNICH PUTSCH (RW) What did the conservative catholic regime want to do in 1923 in Bavaria?
They wanted to unite all right wing elements and restore pre-war Germany values
MUNICH PUTSCH (RW) What happened on the 8th of November?
There was a putsch in Munich and then they are going to march into Berlin
MUNICH PUTSCH (RW) What did they want to establish?
A military dictatorship with the support of Ludendorff
MUNICH PUTSCH (RW) How did it help Hitler to gain popularity?
He was arrested and used his trial to gain popularity and attention. He wrote a book which said all of his policies
INVASION OF THE RUHR
When did it happen?
January 1923
INVASION OF THE RUHR
Why did it happen?
Germany fell behind on it’s reparation payments for coal and timber
INVASION OF THE RUHR
Who sent troops to occupy the Ruhr?
France and Belgium
INVASION OF THE RUHR
What happened when the workers went on strike?
The payments were stopped
INVASION OF THE RUHR
What did the French do that caused tension?
They brought their own workers in the mines and factories
INVASION OF THE RUHR
What was the new government called?
The ‘Great Coalition’, formed by Gustav Stresemann (chancellor)
INVASION OF THE RUHR
What was Stresemann’s challenges?
Some DNVP were planning a coup to bring in a dictatorship, KPD were planning uprisings in Saxony, Hamburg and Thuringia, There were plans for a nationalist coup in Bavaria
INVASION OF THE RUHR
How severe was hyperinflation?
In January 1919, 8.9 marks=$1, in October 1923, 4200000000000=$1. Many had to carry their wages in wheelbarrows
INVASION OF THE RUHR
What did the decline of the marks ruin?
Pensions, civil servants and middle class members who were on fixed incomes or reliant on savings
INVASION OF THE RUHR
What did hyperinflation cause an increase of?
The black market and gambling
INVASION OF THE RUHR
What did people who had loans do?
They were able to pay them off as they were made worthless
INVASION OF THE RUHR
How did Stresemann help to save the New Republic?
He ended passive resistance, cooperated with allies and he brought in a new currency and destroyed the old worthless mark
