How the Body uses Food

Question 1

How do nutrients in food become available for the body to use?

Answer 1

Digestion & absorption the nutrients are made available for use by cells in the body

Question 2

Digestive System

Answer 2

25-30 foot muscle tube and organs (liver, pancreas) that secrete digestive juices
-Breaks down food into small particles(molecular components) that can be absorbed and used by the body

Question 3

Much of the work of digestion is done by…

Answer 3

enzymes manufactured by parts of the digestive system such as salivary glands, stomach, and pancreas – enzymes speed up the reactions that break down food

Question 4

As you chew glands under the tongue release saliva that… (Digestion)

Answer 4

Lubricates the food so that it can be swallowed and passed along the intestinal tract

Question 5

Saliva gets the food digestion started and starts to… (Digestion)

Answer 5

begin to break down carbohydrates and fats

Question 6

Once food is swallowed and passed down the esophagus to the stomach… (Digestion)

Answer 6

Muscles act as valves at the entrance and exit of the stomach to ensure that food stays there until it is liquefied, mixed with digestive juices

Question 7

Food stays in the stomach for… (Digestion)

Answer 7

Solid foods stays in the stomach for @ 2-4 hours, liquid stays in @ 20 minutes

Question 8

When stomach has finished its work it ejects… (Digestion)

Answer 8

1-2 teaspoons of its liquid content into the small intestines (The stomach continues to eject the content until the content is totally released)

Question 9

The liquefied food stimulates the… (Digestion)

Answer 9

Intestines to contract and relax to churn and move food and mix the food as it is digested

Question 10

Larger food (fiber bulk) stimulates… (Digestion)

Answer 10

More muscle activity than smaller food – higher fiber meals pass through the digestive system faster than low fiber meals

Question 11

Digestion is completed when… (Digestion)

Answer 11

carbohydrates, proteins and fats are reduced to substances that can be absorbed and when vitamins and minerals are released from food

Question 12

Absorption

Question 13

Cells can use nutrients directly for… (Absorption)

Answer 13

Energy, body structure, or the regulation of body process, or converted into other usable substances

Question 14

End Products (Absorption)

Answer 14

Carbohydrates: glucose
Fat: fatty acids/ glycerol
Protein: amino acids

Question 15

Gut Microbiota

Answer 15

Given to microorganism that reside in the intestines

Question 16

Humans start life with a sterile gut and acquire microbiota through… (Microbiota)

Answer 16

Diet and environmental exposure

Question 17

The beneficial microbes found in the intestines can be… (Microbiota)

Answer 17

disrupted by antibiotics, medication and can be renewed some by probiotics

Question 18

Constipation

Answer 18

Difficulty passing stools they are usually hard and dry; Feel block up and overall lousy

Question 19

What are the many causes of Constipation?

Answer 19

Disease, medication use, immobility, habitual use of laxative, slow transit time of food in the digestive tract

Question 20

When is a diagnosis made for Constipation?

Answer 20

Diagnosis is made when fewer than three bowl movements in the past week

Question 21

Ulcers

Answer 21

Develop when the protective barrier formed by cells lining the stomach and duodenum is damaged (allows stomach acid and digestive enzyme to erode the lining of the stomach and duodenum)

• Bacteria infects a and irritates the lining of the stomach
• Rates are highest in countries with poor sanitary conditions

Question 22

Duodenal Ulcers

Answer 22

10x more common than stomach ulcers and are closely associated with the presences of bacteria (heliocobacter pylori)

Question 23

How are ulcers treated?

Answer 23

Treated through antibiotics that destroy the H.Pylori bacteria or drugs that reduce stomach acid

Question 24

Heartburn

Answer 24

• Occurs weekly in @ 20% of American adult and 50% of pregnant women
• Pain is due to stomach acid that has entered the esophagus

Question 25

Occasional heartburn vs. Chronic Heartburn

Answer 25

Occasional heartburn is not dangerous but chronic heartburn can develop into gastro-esophageal reflux disease which can cause damage to the esophagus

Question 26

What causes heartburn?

Answer 26

Pregnancy, stress, smoking, certain medication and overeating can bring on heartburn

Question 27

Irritable Bowl Syndrome

Answer 27

People have trouble moving food through the intestines; Food moves too quickly or too slowly

Question 28

Signs/Symptoms of Irritable Bowl Syndrome

Answer 28

Abdominal pain, bloating and diarrhea or constipation for three month or longer

Question 29

Diarrhea

Answer 29

• Common problem in the US occurring an average of 4x a year in adults
• Leading public health problem in developing countries
• Most cases are due to bacterial or viral contaminated water or food, lack of immunization

Question 30

Flatulence

Answer 30

• Gas can occur in the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine due to swallowed air or bacteria breakdown of food in the large intestine
• Air may be swallowed along with food and beverages or while chewing gum
• Eating in a rush may increase indigestion
• Bacterial production of gas in the large intestine may be related to ingestion of dried beans, broccoli, cauliflower, onion, corn