Calories, Food, Energy & Energy Balance

Question 1

Calorie

Answer 1

Unit of measure; measures energy

-A calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise the temp of 1g of H2O from 15C to 16C = not a component of food

Question 2

Body needs energy

Answer 2

Body needs energy from food to fuel muscular activity; growth and tissue repair and maintain body temp

Question 3

Body needs are divided into 3 categories

Answer 3

• Basal Metabolism
• Physical Activity
• Dietary Thermogenesis

Question 4

Basal Metabolism (Body Needs)

Answer 4

aka – resting metabolism accounts for @ 60%-75% of total need for calories in most people ex: breathing, heart beat, body temp, ongoing activities that the body needs to perform to sustain life

Question 5

How to figure estimated basal metabolic rate: (Body Needs)

Answer 5

Males = body weight X 11
Females = body weight X 10

Question 6

Physical Activity (Body Needs)

Answer 6

Can vary depends on how active a person is; people have a tendency to overestimate time spent in physical activity which tends to overestimate caloric need

Question 7

Thermogenesis (Body Needs)

Answer 7

Energy used for digesting food, absorbing/utilizing/storing and transporting nutrient – estimated at 10%

Question 8

Where is the energy in food?

Answer 8

Carbohydrate = 4 calories per gram
Protein = 4 calories per gram
Fat = 9 calories per gram
-Most food contain varying amount of carbohydrate, fat and protein

Question 9

Energy Density

Answer 9

# of calories in a gram of food it is calculated by divide the number of calories in a portion of food by the food’s weight in grams
Ex: 
20 grams of potato chips 107 calories = 107/ 20 = 5.4
202 gram baked potato – 212 calories 212/202g = 1

Question 10

Diets with energy dense food are associated with…

Answer 10

Type 2 Diabetes, Weight Gain, Obesity

Question 11

Regular consumption of nutrient rich foods that are low energy density is…

Answer 11

Favorable

Ex. veg, fruit, whole grain, lean meat = low energy density

Question 12

How is Caloric Intake Regulated by the Body?

Answer 12

• Energy is critical to survival
• Body has a number of mechanism that encourage regular caloric intake
• Mechanism that encourage food intake are keyed to encouraging eating on a regular basis so that food if available will be consumed and carry the body through times when food isn’t around
• Humans developed the ability to survive on a feast and famine
• No matter how fat or thin a person is he/she will experience hunger if food is not consumed several times a day
• When we eat we reach a point when we feel full (signal is due to hormones and internal sensors in the brain, stomach, liver and fat cells that indicate satiety: feeling as though we have had enough to eat)

Question 13

Appetite

Answer 13

Desire to eat, sensation that is arousal by thoughts of taste and enjoyment of food, may/may not be related to being hunger ex: smell, see a picture

Question 14

Negative Energy Balance

Answer 14

Energy intake is less than energy need = weigh loss

Question 15

Energy Balance

Answer 15

Energy intake is equal to energy need = balance

Question 16

Positive Energy Balance

Answer 16

Energy intake is more than energy need