How Evolution Works: Cap 21

Question 1

Descent with modification

Answer 1

Evolution. Spices accumulate differences with their ancestors over time as they adapt to their environment.

Question 2

Pattern and process of evolution

Answer 2

Pattern- revealed by date from many scientific disciplines

Process- the mechanism that cause the observed pattern to change

Question 3

Scala naturale

Answer 3

Aristotle’s. Life form on a ladder, on its complexity. Spices designed by god = perfect.

Question 4

Fossils

Answer 4

Remains or traces of organism in the past. Found in sedimentary rocks formed form rocks and mud in the bottom of seas. New layers cover old ones and compress them into superimposed layer called strata.

Question 5

Adaption

Answer 5

Inherited characteristics of a organism that enhance their survival and reproduction in specific environment.

Question 6

Natural selection

Answer 6

Process where individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits.

Question 7

Artificial selection

Answer 7

Humans have breeding of domesticated plants and animals. And modify other species over many generations by selecting and breeding individuals that process desired traits.

Question 8

Key features of natural selection

Answer 8

• process where certain individuals with certain traits have a better survival rate and creates more offsprings because of these traits.
• over time, natural selection can increase the frequency of adaptions that are favorable in the environment
• if the environment changes or the species move to a new location, may result in adaption to these new condition. Sometime a new spices raises.
• imviduals do not evolve, but the population does.
• natural selection can amplify or demolish certain heritable traits.
• environment factors can vary place to place.

Question 9

Adaption food source, soapberry bugs

Answer 9

Different beak sizes. Depends on what kinds of seeds in the environment.

Question 10

Drug resistance bacteria

Answer 10

Bacteria and viruses creates new genration in a short time. Can adapt quicker.
-penicillin. S.aureus bacteria had an enzyme, pencillinase that could destroy penicillin.

Question 11

Homology

Answer 11

Similarity resulting firm common ancestor. Mammalian forelimbs. Evidence of evolution

Question 12

Homologous structures

Answer 12

Represent variations on a structural theme that was present in their common ancestor.

Question 13

Vestigial structures

Answer 13

Remnants of features that served a function in the organism ancestor. For example tail bone on humans from monkey ancestor. Blind fishes with eyes under their scales.

Question 14

Evolutionary three

Answer 14

A diagram that reflects evolutionary relationships among groups of organism.

Question 15

Convergent evolution

Answer 15

Process where organism not closely related, independently evolve similar traits as a result of having to adapt to similar ecological niches.

Question 16

Analogous

Answer 16

Share similar traits but not common ancestors

Question 17

Biogeography

Answer 17

Scientific study of geographic distribution of species

-continental drift. Movement of all earth land masses called Pangea.