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Dog Training > How dogs Learn > Flashcards

How dogs Learn Flashcards

1
Q

Definition: Adaptation

A

Adjustment that an organism makes to the conditions of it’s environment

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2
Q

Definition: Allelomimetic

A

Innate tendency to follow the actions of others and do the same thing.

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3
Q

Definition: Baseline

A

Critical measurement from which a researcher can calculate changes in the rate or frequency of a particular behaviour.

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4
Q

Classical Conditioning

A

Type of learning in which a neutral stimuli is repeatedly paired with an uncondition response, animals learn what predicts what.

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5
Q

Definition: Conditioning

A

to modify the behaviour of a subject.

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6
Q

Definition: Conditions

A

Circumstances controlled by researchers in a lab.

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7
Q

Definition: Conditioned Reflex

A

Combination of Conditioned stimulus and conditioned response

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8
Q

CR

A

Conditioned Response, a learned response that results from pairing a conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus.

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9
Q

CS

A

Conditioned stimulus, stimulus that causes a conditioned response.

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10
Q

Definition: Consequence

A

Event that follows a behaviour

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11
Q

Definition: Contingency

A

Dependence of one event upon another.

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12
Q

Dependent Variable

A

What a researcher is interested in or trying to explain. Usually refers to animals response or change in behaviour. (ie sit)

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13
Q

Definition: Explanatory Fiction

A

False intervening variable introduced to explain a casual relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable.

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14
Q

Definition: Extinction

A

Process by which a particular behaviour decreases or disappears.

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15
Q

Habituation

A

Gradual reduction of a response as a result of repeated stimulation.

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16
Q

Definition: Hyperkinetic

A

Defines an overly active animal

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17
Q

What is Imprinting?

A

Process by which a young animal bonds with another animal, usually of the same species.

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18
Q

Independent Variable

A

Something a researcher adds into an experiment to see the effect it has on the dependent variable (ie food)

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19
Q

Intervening Variable

A

Factor that cannot be seen but has an effect on the dependent variable (ie hunger)

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20
Q

Definition: Kinesis

A

Involuntary change or general activity level in response to external stimuli, type of tropism.

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21
Q

Latent Learning

A

Learning that occurs in the absence of reinforcement and remains hidden until it is required.

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22
Q

What does the law of effect state?

A

Behaviours that are followed by pleasant events are more likely to be repeated, behaviours that are followed by unpleasant events are less likely to be repeated.

23
Q

What is a learning Set?

A

Method of solving problems acquired through experience.

24
Q

Definition: Local Enhancement

A

Tendency of an animal to be attracted to a particular environmental stimuli or situation after watching the behaviour of other animals in a similar situation.

25
Q

Definition: Modeling

A

Presenting an example to an animal to encourage that animal to behave in a particular fashion.

26
Q

Definition: Negative Thigmotaxis

A

Movement away from the source of contact stimuli.

27
Q

What is a neutral stimuli?

A

A stimuli that normally doesn’t stimulate a response (ie Pavlov’s bell)

28
Q

Observational Learning

A

Learning that occurs when an animal watches another animal perform a task and then imitates the behaviour.

29
Q

Definition: Operant Conditioning

A

Type of learning where behaviour is strengthened when it is followed by reinforcement and weakened when it is followed by punishment. Deals with non-reflexive behaviours.

30
Q

Definition: Pairing

A

Presenting of a CS near or at the same time as an US.

31
Q

Definition: Positive Thigmotaxis

A

Movement towards the source of contact stimulation. (Ie scared dog moves towards owners leg).

32
Q

What is a the difference between a reflex and a tropism?

A

Both are involuntary actions, however tropism uses a bodily adjustment whereas reflexes use only a part of the body.

33
Q

Definition: Reinforcer

A

Something that supports or strengthens something else.

34
Q

Definition: Response Chain

A

Interlocking sequence of responses that enable an organism to perform a more complicated task

35
Q

Definition: Response Latency

A

Time it takes an animal to respond to a stimuli.

36
Q

Definition: Response Magnitude

A

Strength of an animals response to a stimuli.

37
Q

When is the sensitive period for puppies?

A

Between 3 - 16 weeks of age.

38
Q

Definition: Sensitization

A

Process in which one stimulus causes an organism to over react to another.

39
Q

Definition: Social Facilitation

A

Increased vigor of response by that one dog causes in the behaviour of another.

40
Q

What is social learning?

A

Learning that occurs when an animal interacts with people and other animals.

41
Q

Socialization

A

Process by which puppies are familiarized with a variety of people and other animals.

42
Q

Definition: Startle Response

A

Way in which an animal responds to a sudden new and/or intense stimuli.

43
Q

What does stereotypic mean?

A

Describes an action that is performed the same way each time with little variation.

44
Q

Definition: Taxis

A

Involuntary response that involves movement of the entire organism toward or away from a source of stimulation.

45
Q

Threshold

A

Level of stimulation that must be reached for a response to occur.

46
Q

Unconditioned Reflex

A

Combo of an US and UR

47
Q

UR

A

Unconditioned Response, reflexive response to an unconditioned stimulus

48
Q

US

A

Unconditioned Stimulus, stimulus that cause a specific reflexive response w/o required learning or conditioning.

49
Q

Definition: Variable

A

Any factor in an experiment that changes or can be changed.

50
Q

What are the two types of variables?

A

Dependent and Independent

51
Q

What is a common type of Explanatory Fiction?

A

Describing a dog as lazy etc as a primary cause of behavioural issues.

52
Q

What is the ultimate goal of Environmental Habituation?

A

To reduce extreme reactions to Environmental stimulus.

53
Q

T/F Puppies can Imprint only on their mothers

A

FALSE Puppies have been known to also imprint on breeders/owners.

Dog Training (4 decks)

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