How does cell morphology indicate cell function?

Question 1

Lots of rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 1

high protein output

Question 2

Large, euchromatic nucleus

Answer 2

high rate of transcription (and therefore protein output)

Question 3

a. # of mitochondria in a cell

Answer 3

related to energy requirements

Question 4

Tight/occluding Junctions (zonula occludens)

Answer 4

Completely encircles the cell
Held together by proteins claudin and occludin
Prevents passage between cells

Question 5

Adhering/ anchoring junctions (zonula adherens, macula adherens)

Answer 5

Provide attachment of one cell to another, not as tight as tight junction
Cadherins: transmembrane glycoproteins, bind to catenin, which links to actin

Question 6

Gap Junctions (connexons)

Answer 6

Connexins: proteins that surround the pores
Allow passage of small molecules and ions from one cell to another

Question 7

Hemidesmosomes

Answer 7

Serves as points of attachment of epithelial cell to components of extracellular matrix/ basal lamina
Integrins replace cadherins, attach the cell to laminins and type IV collagen

Question 8

Microvilli

Answer 8

Finger-like projection found in absorptive cell (intestine)
Increase surface area of apical membrane
Has an actin core

Question 9

Stererocillia

Answer 9

Very long, branching microvilli
Non-motile
Only found in male reproductive tract and inner ear

Question 10

Cilia and Flagella

Answer 10

Motile projections from apical membrane
Longer and wider than microvilli
Axoneme (formed) of microtubules
Dynein causes movement