How do clinicians communicate?

Question 1

What are the 3 patient positions?

Answer 1

Patient seated, supine or prone

Question 2

What is patient supine?

Answer 2

Lying on their back

Question 3

What is patient prone?

Answer 3

Lying on their front

Question 4

What are the 3 anatomical planes?

Answer 4

Sagittal (front ways in half), coronal (side ways in half) and axial

Question 5

What do the terms anterior and posterior mean?

Answer 5

Anterior - nearer front of body

Posterior - nearer back of body

Question 6

What terms describe nearer top of head, and nearer soles of feet?

Answer 6

Head - supernal/cranial

Feet - inferior/caudal

Question 7

What do medial and lateral mean?

Answer 7

Medial - closer centre of body (midsagittal/median plane)

Lateral - further from median plane

Question 8

How is distance from the limb attachment described?

Answer 8

Proximal - nearer attachment

Distal - further from attachment

Question 9

What do the terms superficial and deep describe?

Answer 9

Superficial - nearer body surface

Deep - further from body surface

Question 10

What does external and internal describe?

Answer 10

External - further from body centre/organ

Internal - nearer body centre/organ

Question 11

What specific terms are used for the wrist?

Answer 11

Dorsal (posterior) and volar (anterior)

Question 12

What specific terms are used for the hand?

Answer 12

Dorsal (posterior) and palmar (anterior)

Question 13

What specific terms are used for the tongue?

Answer 13

Dorsal (posterior) and ventral (anterior)

Question 14

What specific terms are used for the foot?

Answer 14

Dorsal (superior) and plantar (inferior)

Question 15

What are the terms major and minor used for?

Answer 15

The relative comparison of structures that have the same name but one is bigger and one is smaller

Question 16

What does unilateral mean?

Answer 16

The structure is normally found on one side of the body

Question 17

What does bilateral mean?

Answer 17

Normally structures found in pairs (ie a left and a right one)

Question 18

Where is a midline structure located?

Answer 18

Median plane

Question 19

What is an ipsilateral structure?

Answer 19

A structure that lies on the same side of the body as the structure or location it is being compared to

Question 20

What is a contralateral structure?

Answer 20

A structure that lies on the opposite side of the body as the structure or location it is being compared to

Question 21

Superolateral vs superomedial (def)

Answer 21

s/l - nearer the top of head/further from median plane

s/m - nearer top of the head/closer to median plane

Question 22

Inferomedial vs inferolateral (def)

Answer 22

i/m - nearer soles of feet/closer to median plane

I/m - nearer soles of feet/further from median plane

Question 23

Anteroinferior vs anterosuperior (def)

Answer 23

a/I - nearer front of body/nearer soles of feet

a/s - nearer front of body/nearer top of head

Question 24

Anterolateral vs posterolateral (def)

Answer 24

a/l - nearer front of body/further from median plane

p/l - nearer back of body/further from median plane

Question 25

What is flexion?

Answer 25

Decreasing the angle of bones at a joint (all anterior movements at joints superior to the knee are flexions)

Question 26

What is extension?

Answer 26

Increasing the angle between bones at a joint (all anterior movements inferior to the knee joint are extension)

Question 27

What is abduction?

Answer 27

Movement away from the median plane (abduct you take away)

Question 28

What is adduction?

Answer 28

Movement towards the median plane

Question 29

What is internal/medial rotation?

Answer 29

Anterior surface of a limb rotates towards the median plane

Question 30

What is external/lateral rotation?

Answer 30

Anterior surface of a limb rotates away from the median plane

Question 31

What is circumduction?

Answer 31

Circular motion at a joint

Question 32

What are the specific terms of movement for the foot?

Answer 32

Eversion - sole of foot rotates away from median plane and soles face laterally
Inversion - sole of foot rotates towards to median plane and soles face medially

Question 33

What are the specific terms of movement for the forearm?

Answer 33

Pronantion - anterior surface of the forearm rotates so the palm faces posteriorly
Supination - forearm rotates from the pronated positioned back into the anatomical one
Semiprone - position of forearm/hand midway between prone and supine position

Question 34

What are the specific terms of movement for the hands?

Answer 34

Opposition of digits - touching of 2 fingertips (thumb and one other)
Reposition of digits - from opposition back to anatomical position
Pronation - anterior surface of the hand rotates so the palm faces posteriorly
Supination - hand rotates from the pronated positioned back into the anatomical one
Adduction/abduction of digits

Question 35

What are the specific terms of movement for the thumb?

Answer 35

Abduction - thumb moves anteriorly away from the palm
Adduction - abduction back to anatomical position
Extension - thumb moves laterally away from palm
Flexion - thumb moves across palm
Opposition/reposition

Question 36

What is a specific term of movement for the head/neck?

Answer 36

Lateral flexion

Question 37

What is a specific term of movement for the mandible

Answer 37

Protrusion/retrusion

Question 38

What is a specific term of movement for head/neck or upper trunk?

Answer 38

Rotation

Question 39

What are specific terms of movement for the shoulders?

Answer 39

Elevation/depression and protraction (hunching)/retraction