How do clinicians communicate? Flashcards
What are the 3 patient positions?
Patient seated, supine or prone
What is patient supine?
Lying on their back
What is patient prone?
Lying on their front
What are the 3 anatomical planes?
Sagittal (front ways in half), coronal (side ways in half) and axial
What do the terms anterior and posterior mean?
Anterior - nearer front of body
Posterior - nearer back of body
What terms describe nearer top of head, and nearer soles of feet?
Head - supernal/cranial
Feet - inferior/caudal
What do medial and lateral mean?
Medial - closer centre of body (midsagittal/median plane)
Lateral - further from median plane
How is distance from the limb attachment described?
Proximal - nearer attachment
Distal - further from attachment
What do the terms superficial and deep describe?
Superficial - nearer body surface
Deep - further from body surface
What does external and internal describe?
External - further from body centre/organ
Internal - nearer body centre/organ
What specific terms are used for the wrist?
Dorsal (posterior) and volar (anterior)
What specific terms are used for the hand?
Dorsal (posterior) and palmar (anterior)
What specific terms are used for the tongue?
Dorsal (posterior) and ventral (anterior)
What specific terms are used for the foot?
Dorsal (superior) and plantar (inferior)
What are the terms major and minor used for?
The relative comparison of structures that have the same name but one is bigger and one is smaller
What does unilateral mean?
The structure is normally found on one side of the body
What does bilateral mean?
Normally structures found in pairs (ie a left and a right one)
Where is a midline structure located?
Median plane
What is an ipsilateral structure?
A structure that lies on the same side of the body as the structure or location it is being compared to
What is a contralateral structure?
A structure that lies on the opposite side of the body as the structure or location it is being compared to
Superolateral vs superomedial (def)
s/l - nearer the top of head/further from median plane
s/m - nearer top of the head/closer to median plane
Inferomedial vs inferolateral (def)
i/m - nearer soles of feet/closer to median plane
I/m - nearer soles of feet/further from median plane
Anteroinferior vs anterosuperior (def)
a/I - nearer front of body/nearer soles of feet
a/s - nearer front of body/nearer top of head
Anterolateral vs posterolateral (def)
a/l - nearer front of body/further from median plane
p/l - nearer back of body/further from median plane
What is flexion?
Decreasing the angle of bones at a joint (all anterior movements at joints superior to the knee are flexions)
What is extension?
Increasing the angle between bones at a joint (all anterior movements inferior to the knee joint are extension)
What is abduction?
Movement away from the median plane (abduct you take away)
What is adduction?
Movement towards the median plane
What is internal/medial rotation?
Anterior surface of a limb rotates towards the median plane
What is external/lateral rotation?
Anterior surface of a limb rotates away from the median plane
What is circumduction?
Circular motion at a joint
What are the specific terms of movement for the foot?
Eversion - sole of foot rotates away from median plane and soles face laterally
Inversion - sole of foot rotates towards to median plane and soles face medially
What are the specific terms of movement for the forearm?
Pronantion - anterior surface of the forearm rotates so the palm faces posteriorly
Supination - forearm rotates from the pronated positioned back into the anatomical one
Semiprone - position of forearm/hand midway between prone and supine position
What are the specific terms of movement for the hands?
Opposition of digits - touching of 2 fingertips (thumb and one other)
Reposition of digits - from opposition back to anatomical position
Pronation - anterior surface of the hand rotates so the palm faces posteriorly
Supination - hand rotates from the pronated positioned back into the anatomical one
Adduction/abduction of digits
What are the specific terms of movement for the thumb?
Abduction - thumb moves anteriorly away from the palm
Adduction - abduction back to anatomical position
Extension - thumb moves laterally away from palm
Flexion - thumb moves across palm
Opposition/reposition
What is a specific term of movement for the head/neck?
Lateral flexion
What is a specific term of movement for the mandible
Protrusion/retrusion
What is a specific term of movement for head/neck or upper trunk?
Rotation
What are specific terms of movement for the shoulders?
Elevation/depression and protraction (hunching)/retraction
