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A Level History: Abolition Of The Slave Trade > How Did Individualds End The Slave Trade? > Flashcards

How Did Individualds End The Slave Trade? Flashcards

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1
Q

What was Thomas Clarkson a member of?

A

. Society for the abolition of the slave trade
. He founded 1,200 branches

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2
Q

What did Thomas Clarkson collect and why?

A

. Information about the horror of the slave trade to convince people to support its abolition
. Objects that displayed the skill and talent of African craftspeople such as dyed cloth
. Samples of natural products like African ivory, gum, rice, pepper and rare + beautiful woods
. Clarkson carried his collection of African productions everywhere to prove Britain could carry on profitable trade with Africa without slavery
. Humanised slaves and showed images

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3
Q

How did he collect the information?

A

. He rode on horseback for two years
. Interview 20,000 sailors
. In 1790 he visited 317 ships and spoke to more than 300 sailors

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4
Q

Clarkson essay

A

. Winning essay for a competition whilst at Cambridge uni
. An Essay on the Slavery and Commerce of the Human Species
. Inspired prominent parliamentary figures like Wilberforce and persuaded Wilberforce to join the movement

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5
Q

Why was Clarkson important?

A

. Made sure no details were left out so the public were well informed
. Talented propagandist
. Furnished Wilberforce with the details of the slave trade for his parliamentary speeches
. 10,000 copies of his work was distributed to MPs
. Driving force behind the scenes

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6
Q

Who was William Roscoe?

A

. The Liverpool abolitionist
. Elected as MP in 1806
. Unitarian
. Voted in favour of abolition

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7
Q

What did Roscoe write?

A

. Poems denouncing the slave trade
. The Wrongs of Africa (1787-88)

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8
Q

What was Wilberforce’s religion?

A

Evangelical Christian

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9
Q

Who asked Wilberforce to support abolition?

A

A wealthy female abolitionist, Lady Middleton, asked him to use his power as an MP

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10
Q

Wilberforce’s first bill

A

. Introduced in 1791
. Defeated by 163 voters to 88

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11
Q

What did Wilberforce argue successfully?

A

In 1805 he argued it was unlawful for any British subject to transport slaves but it was blocked by the House of Lords

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12
Q

What did Wilberforce die 3 days after?

A

The bill to abolish slavery in 1833

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13
Q

When did Wilberforce adopt the cause?

A

After 1787

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14
Q

Wilberforce’s bills

A

. His bill eventually became the abolition act in 1807
. After 1791 he presented a bill in every parliamentary session until 1799
. These bills were usually introduced late in the session when members had little time to properly consider the motion so they were usually defeated

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15
Q

When did Wilberforce make his first speech and what did he do?

A

. 1789
. He secured a select committee to investigate the slave trade

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16
Q

Wilberforce importance

A

. Gave the movement a figurehead which people could rally around
. White male so his importance was more well documented than other groups such as women

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17
Q

When and where was Ignatius Sancho born?

A

1729 on a slave ship in the mid Atlantic

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18
Q

Sancho’s parents

A

. Mother died soon after his birth
. Father killed himself to avoid being enslaved

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19
Q

Sancho in England and life in Greenwich

A

. Brought to England in 1731
. Forced to live with three sisters
. They did not believe in educating him
. Sancho ran away

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20
Q

After Sancho ran away

A

. Stayed with Duke of Montague who lived nearby in balckheath
. He worked as a butler
. He wrote poetry and two stage plays
. Composed music
. All published anonymously

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21
Q

What happened after Sancho left the Montagues?

A

. In 1773, he left
. Opened a grocery shop in Charles Street, Westminster, with his wife Anne.
. Sancho frequently wrote at his experiences as an African in Britain

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22
Q

What did Sancho describe himself as?

A

‘Only a lodger and hardly that’

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23
Q

What happened after Sancho died?

A

. Died in 1780
. Two years later his letters were published and were an immediate best-seller, attracting over 1,200 subscribers.
. First African to have an obituary on the paper

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24
Q

James Ramsay’s naval career

A

. Saw the suffering of slaves as a navy ship’s doctor in 1759 when he was called to treat dysentery cases on board a slave ship.
. Ramsay treated over 100 victims both slaves and sailors

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25
Q

What did Ramsay do on St Kitts?

A

. Became an Anglican minister on St Christopher (St Kitts)
. He welcomed both black and white parishioners into his church
. Appointed surgeon to several plantations

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26
Q

What did Ramsay think about slavery and what did he see on the plantations?

A

. Strongly criticised the harsh conditions and the brutality of the overseers
. He saw slaves whose hands were chopped off with axes, when they got tangled in the sugar presses.
. He left St Kitts in 1777, exhausted by the conflict.

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27
Q

When did Ramsay return to Britain?

A

1781

28
Q

What was his essay and inquiry called? - why were they influential

A

. ‘Treatment and Conversion of African Slaves in the British Sugar Colonies’ - essay
. ‘An Inquiry into the Effects of Putting a Stop to the African Slave Trade’
. First anti-slavery works by a mainstream Anglican writer who had personally seen the suffering

29
Q

Which other two abolitionists did Ramsay meet and when?

A

. Met Wilberforce in 1783
. Met Clarkson in 1786
. He encouraged Clarkson to get first hand evidence of the trade

30
Q

What did Ramsay publish in 1788 and what happened?

A

. ‘An Address to the Publick, on the Proposed Bill for the Abolition of the Slave Trade’
. New attacks were made on his character in the House of Commons
. Ramsay was deeply upset, became ill and did not live to see abolition of the the slave trade dying in 1789

31
Q

Who was Equiano?

A

. Also called Gustavus Vassa
. A former slave who wrote about his experiences and toured with his book as part of the abolitionist movement

32
Q

What happened when Equiano was 11?

A

Sold to a captain in the Royal Navy, Michael Pascal, who gave him his new name

33
Q

Who was Equiano later sold to?

A

. Sold to Robert King, a Quaker merchant in Philadelphia
. King converted him to Christianity and taught him to read and write

34
Q

What did Equiano do at 21?

A

. Bought his freedom
. Became a seaman and travelled all over the world
. He eventually settled in London and became involved with the abolition movement

35
Q

What book did Equiano write?

A

. ‘The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa the African’
. The book made him famous and furthered the abolitionist cause
. He travelled extensively across the British Isles selling and reading his book

36
Q

Why was Equiano so important?

A

. Others could not project their cause from experience
. Raised the profile
. Work carried a greater sense of moral wight and heightened sense of moral outrage
. In 1787 he joined the Sons of Africa
. Dispelled misconceptions of Africans

37
Q

Equiano death worth

A

. Equiano married an English woman
. Upon his death in 1797 he left an estate worth £950 - about £80,000 in early 21st-century value

38
Q

What did Sons of Africa organise a march on parliament in support for?

A

. 1788
. Supported Dolben Act

39
Q

What did Granville Sharp help form?

A

. One of 12 men who in 1787 helped to form the Society for Effecting the Abolition of the slave trade
. First chairman of the society

40
Q

How did Sharp help the cause?

A

. Used his political + legal knowledge and contacts to become the leading defender of African people in London
. Saved many African people from being sent back to slavery in the West Indies, often at his own expense.

41
Q

What other case was Sharp involved with and what was the impact of such cases?

A

. Slave ship Zong court case
. Raised public awareness of the horrors of slavery - turn public opinion against the slave trade

42
Q

What happened to Cugoano at 13?

A

Sold into slavery in Ghana and was shipped to Grenada

43
Q

How and when was Cugoano freed?

A

In 1772 he was purchased by an English merchant who took him to England, where he was freed

44
Q

Where did Cugoano work and what group did he join?

A

. Worked for the Cosways
. Here he became acquainted with British political and cultural figures
. He joined the Sons of Africa

45
Q

What did Cugoano become a leader of?

A

. London’s black community
. In 1786 - one of the first identifiable Afro-Britons actively engaged in the fight against slavery

46
Q

What did Equiano do in 1786 with Granville Sharp?

A

Joined William Green, another Afro-Briton, in successfully appealing to Granville Sharp to save a black person, Harry Demane, from being forced into West Indian slavery

47
Q

What did Cugoano do with Equiano?

A

. Cugoano was taught to read and write
. Together they continued the struggle against slavery with public letters to London newspapers
. In 1787, Equiano’s help, he published an account of his experiences

48
Q

What was Cugoano’s account of his experiences called?

A

Narrative of the Enslavement of a Native of Africa

49
Q

How and when did Cugoano upset Wilberforce?

A

.1793
. Cugoano described him as a hypocrite when he refused to support the campaign to end slavery in the British Empire

50
Q

When did the slave ship Zong court case happen?

A

1783

51
Q

When did the Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade start?

A

1787

52
Q

In what year did Wilberforce make his first speech to parliament on the cause of abolition?

A

1789

53
Q

How many times did Wilberforce introduce a bill to ban the slave trade?

A

15 Bills from 1791-1807

54
Q

What did Wilberforce’s investigation into slavery lead to?

A

First parliamentary bill in 1791 - it was defeated by 163 votes to 88 but raised slavery’s profile

55
Q

Background of James Somerset case

A

. In 1771 a slave James Somerset, who had been brought from Jamaica to Britain, ran away.
. He was recaptured and put on a ship bound for Jamaica

56
Q

What did Sharp do with the James Somerset case?

A

Intervened and put the case before Lord Mansfield, the Lord Chief Justice of England

57
Q

Result of the James Somerset case

A

. After months of legal argument, Mansfield finally decided that a master had no right to force a slave to return to a foreign country
. Somerset was freed

58
Q

What did Sharp hope the James Somerset case would do?

A

Finally settle whether it was lawful to hold people as slaves in England and Wales

59
Q

Impact of the James Somerset case?

A

Although this judgment did not actually state that slavery was illegal in England, it laid down the notion that slaves person could not be forcibly removed from England

60
Q

Who was Cugoano’s account of his experiences sent to?

A

George III, Edmund Burke and other leading politicians

61
Q

What did Cugoano’s book fail to do?

A

Persuade the king to change his opinions and the royal family remained against abolition of the slave trade

62
Q

What was Cugoano the first African to publicly demand in his book?

A

The total abolition of the slave trade and the freeing of all slaves

63
Q

What was Cugoano’s books and when was it published?

A

‘In Thoughts and Sentiments on the Evil and Wicked Traffic of the Slavery and Commerce of the Human Species’ (1787)

64
Q

What did Cugoano criticise in his book?

A

Religious and secular pro-slavery arguments and demanded the immediate abolition of the slave trade and emancipation of all slaves

65
Q

What did Cugoano also call for

A

Punishments for slave owners

A Level History: Abolition Of The Slave Trade (9 decks)

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