How did Henry VII consolidate his power?

Question 1

How did Henry fix the problem of not having been officially crowned?

Answer 1

He wasn’t coronated until October 30th 1485
No expense spared on coronation - created powerful impression + surpassed Richard’s coronation festivities (£8 per yard of gold cloth, 40 shillings a yard for purple velvet for King’s robe)

Question 2

How did Henry unite the two houses?

Answer 2

Married Elizabeth of York 18th January 1486

Made Elizabeth’s sisters marry Lancastrians

Question 3

Why did Henry wait until 1486 to marry Elizabeth?

Answer 3

So that he could rule alone first and to prevent people from thinking he was only King because he married Elizabeth

Question 4

Who did Henry make Elizabeth’s sisters marry?

Answer 4

Annulled Cecily’s (her oldest sister) marriage to a Yorkist who fought against him at Bosworth and insisted she marry his half-uncle

Question 5

How did Henry reward his supporters from Bosworth?

Answer 5

With patronage rather than land.
Thomas, Lord Stanley (step-father) made Earl of Derby
Bishop Fox (lawyer in exile w/ Henry) made Keeper of the Privy Seal
His uncle Jasper was made Duke of Bedford
John de Vere was made Earl of Oxford

Question 6

Why was Henry keen to avoid rewarding his supporters with land?

Answer 6

To avoid the creation of over-mighty subjects

Also it would limit his income from Crown Lands

Question 7

Why did Henry have to be careful when dealing with opponents in the nobility who fought against him at Bosworth?

Answer 7

Being too harsh may turn more nobles against him.

Being too lenient may cause him to be seen as weak.

Question 8

How did Henry deal with John de la Pole (Earl of Lincoln)?

Answer 8

Died at the Battle of Stoke during the Simnel Rebellion

Question 9

How did Henry deal with The Earl of Surrey?

Answer 9

Kept him prisoner until 1489 when he was satisfied he was no longer a threat

Question 10

What did predating his reign until the day before Bosworth allow him to do?

Answer 10

Legally confiscate lands and property of Richard III and his supporters - legally increasing his own income and security

Question 11

Who was the Earl of Warwick and why was he a direct threat to Henry?

Answer 11

10 year old nephew to Richard III -Yorkist heir therefore a threat to Henry’s position as King

Question 12

How did Henry deal with the Earl of Warwick?

Answer 12

Sent him to the Tower of London where he lived in relative comfort

Question 13

How did Henry deal with William de la Pole?

Answer 13

Imprisoned him for 38 years in the Tower

Question 14

How did Henry deal with Edmund de la Pole?

Answer 14

Executed him in 1513

Question 15

How was Richard de la Pole dealt with?

Answer 15

He stayed in exile until he died in 1525

Question 16

How did Henry solve the problem of the common people considering him a usurper?

Answer 16

Crowned himself King
Separated claim from Elizabeth’s by not marrying her until 1486
Elizabeth not crowned Queen until November 1487
Had parliament predate his reign to the day before Bosworth

Question 17

How did Henry solve the problem of not having an heir to the throne?

Answer 17

Elizabeth gave birth to Prince Arthur on 19th September 1485, followed by Margaret in 1488, Henry in 1419 and Mary in 1496 - Secured the Tudor dynasty

Question 18

How did Henry solve the problem of Parliament not officially recognising him as King?

Answer 18

He got Parliament to say he became King the day before the Battle of Bosworth (prerogative authority - can direct Parliament)
During Parliament’s 1st meeting they formally recognised him as King
Didn’t call Parliament until after his coronation