how are global health priorities identified Flashcards
ways to understand how global health issues are priorities
consider the actors involved
the type of frames they advance
forms of collective action they organize
Actors – motives and interests
- indignation at perceived social injustices
- empathy for those suffering
- protecting populations from harm
- protecting the security of the state
- fear of social disruption
- publicly displaying moral rectitude
- pursuit of financial gain
- preservation of political power
global health frames
- how publics understand and portray global health issues
- encompasses beliefs about the issue’s causality and solutions
example:
– can be framed as a behavioural/lifestyle problem (individual problem)
– can be framed as a genetic or medical problem
– can be framed as a socioeconomic problem
frames
linguistic, cognitive, and symbolic devices used to identify label, describe and interpret problems and to suggest particular ways of responding to them
securitization frame used to advance global health initiatives
global health security
- trying to get solidarity and getting people to act
moralization frame used to advance global health initiatives
frames global health issues as moral obligations that need to be addressed
technification frame used to advance global health initiatives
The technification frame positions global health issues as primarily technical or scientific challenges that can be solved through the application of expertise, technology, and evidence-based interventions
the millennium development goals (MDGs) 2000-2015
MDGs successes
- reduction in the big three (TB, HIV, Malaria)
- reduced child mortality rate
- reduced maternal mortality
- improved immunization coverage
MDGs Omissions - Neglected tropical diseases
Neglected tropical diseases – a diverse group of communicable diseases that prevail in tropical and subtropical conditions in 149 countries
100% of low-income countries are affected by at least 5 neglected tropical diseases simultaneously
common features of NTD’s (neglected tropical diseases)
- diseases of poverty and disadvantage
- affect populations with low visibility and little political voice
- do not travel widely (distribution restricted by climate)
- cause stigma and discrimination, especially of girls and women
- have important impact on morbidity and mortality
- are relatively neglected by research
- can be controlled, prevented, and eliminated using effected and feasible solutions
the drug development pipeline
optimizing compounds to test effectiveness, safety, stability, in human cells —> predevelopment —-> further development and clinical trials —> development
(drugs never reach the patient)
fundamental shifts from MDGs to SDGs
sustainable development goals
- Universal goals (not just for low-income countries)
- recognition of political factors in countries
- recognition of neglected tropical diseases
feminist international development assistance policy
an International assistance priority
- different countries have different areas of focus
- Canada sees that gender is importnt but will also focus on other indicators that they are linked to
development assistance for health (DAH)
financial or in-kind assistance provided to other countries, particularly in low-middle-income countries, by international development agencies and high-income countries to maintain or improve health
- official funding source for achieving the SDGs (MDGs)
- it is targeted at specific sectors and more effective
- complement other sources of funding
essential in countries where private investment is limited-fragile economies
DAH for pandemic preparedness
the current share of pandemic preparedness funding that is from DAH is small
