How and why do places vary Flashcards
what are the different sectors of economic activity?
primary - collection of raw materials or production of essential goods e.g. fishing
secondary - manufacturing of raw materials e.g. factory workers
tertiary - provision of services e.g. teacher
quaternary - tech based employment e.g. finance
what are the different types of jobs?
part-time
full-time
temporary
permanent
employed
self-employed
what is the clark-fisher model?
it describes the stages a country may progress through as they become more economically developed:
pre-industrial - majority work in primary
industrial - majority work in secondary
post-industrial - majority work in tertiary
what is place character?
it relates to the specific qualities, attributes or features of a location that makes it unique. it is affected by endogenous or exogenous factors.
what are endogenous factors?
those which originate from within the place and are local:
- land use
- topography
- physical geography
- infrastructure
- built environment
- location
what are exogenous factors?
those which originate from outside a place and provide links and relationships to other places:
- people
- money and investment
- resources
- ideas
why may the characteristics of a location change over time?
due to endogenous and exogenous causes such as:
- location –> proximity to large cities will encourage development
- infrastructure –> roads, railways and airports will allow migration of people and goods
- competition –> TNC’s relocating to the best regions and competition from other locations offering better work environment will take business
what is the index of multiple deprivation?
it measures the deprivation of an area, using:
- income
- employment
- health
- education
- crime
- barriers to housing and services
- living environment
what can cause inequality?
- occupation - people who work manual labour earn less and have a lower life expectancy
- income - inequality in pay between sectors
- life expectancy - positive correlation between level of income and an individual’s life expectancy ( type of employment, affordability of food)
what is the function of settlements?
relates to the economic and social development of a settlement and refers to it’s main activities.
- most settlements are multi-functional.
the function of the isle of dogs changing
- part of london docklands - INDUSTRIAL
- isle of dogs decline (containerisation, goods moved by air, bombing)
- RESIDENTIAL
- COMMERCIAL
what are the local factors leading to a change in function (isle of dogs)
local:
- WW2
- transport infrastructure
- river thames too small (containerisation)
- out-migration
- poor education and services
what are the global factors leading to a change in function (isle of dogs)
global:
- government migration policy
- globalisation
- economic policy (Thatcherism)
why does change in function lead to change in demographic?
- gentrification - influx of affluent people (YUPPIES)
- age structure - more working age people
- ethnic composition - isle of dogs has attracted a range of migrant
- collapse of previous function = lower prices & low end jobs
why is Cornwall so deprived?
rural
old age population
tourism is seasonal
one way to get there
internet is very bad
what are national political influences on place characteristic?
- thatcherism - moved uk from primary and secondary but north suffered
- privation of major services
- local planning controlled by city councils - understand local stakeholders needs better
what is the northern powerhouse?
a proposal to boost economic growth in the north from 2010-2020, particulary in core cities.
- it aims to reposition the english economy away from london.
- reduce the north south divide and spread wealth
what is deprivation?
where the standard of living falls below a level generally regarded as a reasonable minimum within a society.
what is the index of multiple deprivation?
it is used to show relative deprivation levels across the UK:
- income
- employment
- education
- barriers to housing and services
- living environment
- crime
- health and disability
which areas of the UK face high levels of deprivation?
- major cities (migrants and diasporas)
- coast
- rural and isolated communites (highlands - average response time of 54 minutes)
