Housing

Question 1

What year was the first model tenement built in NYC?

Answer 1

1855

Question 2

1867 Tenement House Law; what did it do?

Answer 2

Required new tenement buildings to provide a narrow air shaft between adjacent structures, windows, and two toilets.

Question 3

Jacob Riis book. What was it called and when did he write it?

Answer 3

How the other half lives 1890

Question 4

1901 Tenement House Law; what did it do?

Answer 4

Outlawed dumbbell tenements, required wide light, air, toilets, and running water.

Question 5

Public Works Administration (PWA); when was it created and what did it do?

Answer 5

Helped build housing - first federally supported public housing program. 1934

Question 6

1934 National Housing Act

Answer 6

Created the Federal Housing Administration. Purpose was to insure home mortgages

Question 7

Resettlement Administration; what year and what did it do?

Answer 7

1935 - uses New Deal funds to build new town - Greenbelt towns- Rexford Tugwell

Question 8

1937 Housing Act

Answer 8

Wagner-Steagall Act - 500 million in loans for development of low cost housing from the Feds to local housing authorities. Led to clearance of slums

Question 9

Serviceman’s Readjustment Act

Answer 9

1944. GI bill guaranteed home loans to vets, led to rapid development of suburbs

Question 10

1949 Housing Act

Answer 10

First comprehensive housing bill. Called for constuction of 800,000 new housing units. Emphasized slum clearance. Truman’s “Fair Deal” focused on urban redevelopment.

Question 11

1954 Housing Act

Answer 11

Provided money for cities under 25,000 population. Focused on urban renewal.

Question 12

1959 Housing Act

Answer 12

Federal matching funds for comprehensive planning at all levels (local, regional, state, interstate)

Question 13

1961 Housing Act

Answer 13

Money to organizations building housing projects for others to rent

Question 14

When was HUD formed and what act formed it?

Answer 14

1965 - HUD formed through Housing and Urban Development Act

Question 15

Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act, what year, what did it do?

Answer 15

1966 model cities program - financial incentives for coordinated metro area planning. helped to ensure that federal grant money was being spent on the right projects.

Question 16

1968 - Housing and Urban Development Act

Answer 16

6 million subsidized housing units

Question 17

The Civil Rights Act/Fair Housing Act. What year and why was it significant?

Answer 17

1968 - radical discrimination in the sale or rental of housing illegal

Question 18

1970 - Miami Valley Regional Planning Commission

Answer 18

Ohio, housing plan that called for low and moderate income housing allocated on a fair share basis

Question 19

1972 - Pruitt-Igoe Project

Answer 19

demolished in Saint Louis - shift away from high rise public housing. Dead of “modern” architecture.

Question 20

1974 Housing and Community Development Act

Answer 20

creates Community Development Block Grant Program (CDBG) - communities use funds to improve blighted area, created section 8

Question 21

1974 - National Manufactured Housing Construction Safety Act

Answer 21

Regulates manufactured homes and prohibits local municipalities from doing so

Question 22

1977 - Urban Development Action Grant Program (UDAG)

Answer 22

public-private partnerships for redevelopment of urban areas.

Question 23

1990- National Affordable Housing Act

Answer 23

creates the HOME program - funds for housing rehab

Question 24

Hope VI, what year what is it?

Answer 24

1992. Redevelopment of distressed public housing (Chicago Taylor homes) - mixed income housing used to revitalize government.

Question 25

Consolidation plan

Answer 25

Community identifies housing, homeless, and community development needs. Must be completed by a community to receive federal funds from housing

Question 26

Homestead Act

Answer 26

1862 President Lincoln. Freehold title to 160 acres (1/4 section) of undeveloped land outside the original 13 colonies. 1.6 million homesteads were granted and 270 million acres were privatized between 1862 and 1986, which is 10% of all lands in US.

Question 27

Robert Moses

Answer 27

NYC urban renewal; HUGE amounts of work roads, bridges, etc.; Built a lot of housing including Suyvesant Town in Brooklyn; Scorned revitalization; Plan to tear down Jane Jacobs neighborhood which started her book.

Question 28

Federal National Mortgage Association

Answer 28

Fannie Mae charted by Congress in 1968. Purchase and securitize mortgages in order to ensure that funds are consistently available to the institutions that lend money to home buyers.

Question 29

Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation

Answer 29

Freddie Mac. Expanded the secondary market for mortgages in the US. Along with other GSEs, Freddie Mac buys mortgages on the secondary market, pools them, and sells them as mortgage-backed securities to investors on the open market.

Question 30

FHFA

Answer 30

Federal Housing and Finance Agency

Question 31

Conservatorship

Answer 31

Subjected to the legal control of an external entity or organization. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are in conservatorship of FHFA

Question 32

CDBG

Answer 32

Funds local community development activities such as affordable housing, anti-poverty programs, and infrastructure redevelopment. Subject to less federal oversight and used at the discretion of the state and local governments. Consolidated plan required.

Question 33

Section 8

Answer 33

voucher program for low income families and individuals originally authorized during the Great Depression with the Housing Act of 1937. Tenants pay about 30% of their income towards rent, federal government pays the rest.

Question 34

HOME

Answer 34

Provides formula grants to states and localities that communities use to fund a wide range of activities that build, buy, and/or rehabilitate affordable housing for rent or homeownership or provide direct rental assistance to low-income people.

Question 35

ROSS

Answer 35

Resident Opportunities for Self-Sufficiency - links public housing residences and public services - seniors and people with disabilities.

Question 36

The Empowerment Zone Program

Answer 36

Three congressional designations - Renewal Communities (RCs), Empowerment Zones (EZs), and Enterprise Communities (ECs). Communities who may be eligible for a combination of grants, tax credits for businesses, bonding authority and other benefits.