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AICP Additional Flashcards: Areas of Practice > Environmental Planning > Flashcards

Environmental Planning Flashcards

1
Q

What is the dominant land use in the US?

A

Agriculture

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2
Q

How many acres per land year does it take to provide food for one person in the US? How does that compare world-wide?

A

25 acres per person per year in the US. World-wide the average is 7 acres per person per year.

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3
Q

What causes global warming?

A

Increased levels of carbon dioxide and methane, also called greenhouse gases, in the atmosphere.

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4
Q

What is the total acreage of national forest in the US?

A

191 million acres

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5
Q

This book discusses the Sierra Club v. Morton, Secretary of the Interior (1972) case where the Sierra Club attempted to block the development of a ski resort in the Mineral King Valley in the Sequoia National Forest.

A

Should Trees Have Standing by Christopher Stone 1972

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6
Q

What is the largest reservation in the US? How large, and where is it?

A

Navajo reservation; 16 million acres; Covers areas in Arizona, Utah, and New Mexico

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7
Q

Indian Reorganization Act of 1934/Wheeler-Howard Act

A

Secured certain rights to Native Americans & Alaska Natives. Returned land management to Native Americans and included provisions to create an economic foundation for its residents

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8
Q

What federal agency is responsible for the management and conservation of most federal land and natural resources? What are some of the major programs it oversees?

A

US Department of the Interior; National Park Service, Native American programs; US Fish and Wildlife; Office of Surface Mining; Bureau of Reclamation (water resource management)

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9
Q

What is the term that describes areas of sand, gravel, fractured rock, limestone, or karst formations that hold groundwater and from which significant amounts of groundwater can be extracted?

A

aquifer

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10
Q

What is the average water consumption for routine household activity?

A

50 gallons per day per person, but could increase to 120-150 per person per day depending on how water consumption is calculated and whether lawns are being watered.

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11
Q

What is the main threat to water?

A

Nonpoint source polution

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12
Q

What percent of US waterways do not meet the drinkable or swimmable standards of the Clean Water Act?

A

40%

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13
Q

What are the key six pollutants regulated under the Clean Air Act?

A

nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, lead, sulfur dioxide, ozone, particulates

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14
Q

What two weather features affect air quality?

A

temperature, wind speed

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15
Q

What is a standard maximum noise standard used by many communities?

A

65 decibels

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16
Q

What federal transportation legislation mandated FHWA to develop noise standards for mitigating highway traffic noise?

A

Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1970. Also, NEPA provides broad authority and responsibility for evaluating and mitigating adverse environmental effects including traffic noise

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17
Q

According to the FHWA, what are some examples of noise abatement measures for highways?

A

traffic measurement such as alternative truck routes, reduced speed limits, and traffic signal timing; buffer zones, vegetation, noise insulation on buildings, and highway relocation

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18
Q

This report proposed a plan that would foster settlement for the west and conserve scarce water resources

A

Report on the Lands of the Arid Region of the United States by John Powell

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19
Q

This person founded the Sierra Club

A

John Muir

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20
Q

When was the Sierra Club founded?

A

1892

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21
Q

What president was a staunch supporter of the early conservation movement?

A

Theodore Roosevelt

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22
Q

What is the Inland Waterway Commission

A

A commission formed in 1907 to encourage multi-purpose planning in waterway development, including navigation, power, irrigation, flood control, and water supply

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23
Q

Who was America’s first professionally trained forester and the first director of the US Forest Service?

A

Gifford Pinchot

24
Q

Who formed the US Forest Service?

A

President Theodore Roosevelt

25
Q

In what book did the author coin the term “greenway”?

A

William Whyte; The Last Landscape

26
Q

This book is about the harmful effects of pesticides on animals, plants, and humans.

A

Silent Spring by Rachel Carson 1962

27
Q

When was the US Geological Survey established, and for what purpose?

A

1879 to survey and classify all public domain lands

28
Q

What as the first National Wildlife Refuge?

A

Pelican Island, Florida 1903

29
Q

When was the National Park Service formed?

A

1916

30
Q

What is the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California?

A

Established in 1927 to bring water from the Colorado River to southern California

31
Q

What is the Civilian Conservation Corps?

A

Created in 1933 to conserve the nation’s natural resources. It provided work for unemployed youth

32
Q

What act regulated the use of the range in the West for conservation purposes?

A

Taylor Grazing Act of 1934

33
Q

What is the Columbia Basin Project?

A

A project in the 1940s. A regional plan for irrigation, electric power generation, and flood control in the Pacific Northwest, similar in scope to TVA

34
Q

What is the largest concrete structure in the US?

A

Grand Coulee Dam on the Columbia River

35
Q

When was the first Earth Day?

A

April 22, 1970

36
Q

What is the common name for Earth Resources Technology Satellite? What is its purpose?

A

LANDSAT
The Satellite was launched in 1972 to acquire high-resolution images of the earth’s surface to identify, evaluate, develop, and conserve the planet’s natural resources

37
Q

This planning technique separates ownership of land from right to develop the land. The easement of the land is held by a government agency or a nonprofit organization.

A

Conservation easement

38
Q

For this conservation planning tool, the right to develop is purchased, often by a governmental agency or nonprofit land trust.

A

Transfer of Development Rights

39
Q

Some states require these environmental reviews for large developments that are likely to have regional effects

A

Development of Regional Impact

40
Q

US Reclamation Act of 1902

A

Created a fund from the sale of public land in the arid western states to supply water there through the construction of water storage and irrigation works

41
Q

This act allowed the construction of water storage and irrigation works in order to supply water through the sale of public land in arid western states

A

US Reclamation Act, 1902

42
Q

This act made the preservation of soil erosion a national responsibility

A

Soil Conservation Act, 1935

43
Q

What federal department administers the Soil Conservation Act?

A

US Department of Agriculture

44
Q

What act prohibited development, settlement, road building, and al forms of mechanized transport within the boundaries of wilderness areas?

A

Wilderness Act 1964

45
Q

National Environmental Policy Act

A

Established a broad national framework for environmental protection. Required Environmental Impact Statements for every federal or federally funded project based on an environmental assessment.

46
Q

What act regulates air emissions?

A

Clean Air Act, 1970

47
Q

What are the requirements for National Ambient Air Quality Standards?

A

Standards for air quality. Areas that do not meet the standards are know as “non-attainment” areas and are required to develop strategies to achieve complaince.

48
Q

What is primacy under the Clean Air Act?

A

Primacy means states have the primary responsibility to enforce compliance with air pollution emissions.

49
Q

What agency was created to enforce environmental laws such as the Clean Air Act and Clean Water Act?

A

Environmental Protection Agency

50
Q

What legislation permitted states to develop coastal management programs to meet established minimum federal standards?

A

Coastal Zone Management Act, 1972

51
Q

Who administers the Coastal Zone Management Act?

A

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

52
Q

What states may participate in the Coastal Zone Management Act?

A

Any state that borders the Atlantic, Pacific, or Arctic Ocean; the Gulf of Mexico; Long Island Sound; or any of the Great Lakes

53
Q

What legislative act sets standards for industry and water quality standards for surface water contaminates.

A

Clean Water Act, 1972

54
Q

What does Section 404 of the Clean Water Act do?

A

Protects wetlands and requires a permit for depositing fill material in wetlands

55
Q

What system was put in place by the Clean Water Act to control water pollution by regulating point sources that discharge pollutants into water bodies?

A

National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systems (NPDES)

AICP Additional Flashcards: Areas of Practice (8 decks)

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