Hourly Exam 4

Question 1

Psychiatrists and psychologists label behavior as disordered when it is

Answer 1

deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional

Question 2

Wilber falls and hits his head on a table. He is unable to recover the memories around the event and up to two days before the event. His psychological diagnosis is

Answer 2

he has no psychological diagnosis

Question 3

Antisocial personality disorder is most likely to be characterized by

Answer 3

a lack of conscience

Question 4

The newest classification of psychological disorders in the United States is called

Answer 4

DSM_IV_TR

Question 5

Phineas Gage (remember him?) sustained a serious brain injury when a blasting cap was fired and a mental rod shot through his head. Following this injury, Gage’s personality changed and his behavior became abnormal. Gage’s experience would be particularly interesting to a psychologist who defines abnormality from the

Answer 5

medical perspective

Question 6

Obsessions are

Answer 6

offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person

Question 7

Worthington told of the man with the eye-patch that the staff switched for one fitting the other eye. The patient never noticed. Worthington was illustrating

Answer 7

conversion disorder

Question 8

Cynthia is convinced that if she is to live a healthy life, she needs to read and apply all the latest medical and nutritional and exercise studies. Her typical day is spent searching and reading health related publications. Her husband is unhappy and she is about to lost her job due to spending so much time on her good-health concerns. her behavior provides an example of

Answer 8

hypochondriasis

Question 9

A major depressive disorder is most likely to be characterized by

Answer 9

feelings of personal worthlessness and powerlessness

Question 10

A disorder in which an individual sleeps little, has a press of speech, and makes poor decisions due to being wildly optimistic is known as

Answer 10

mania

Question 11

A deluded Scotsman, Daniel M’Naughten, tried to assassinate a government official in 1843. He was sent to a mental hospital rather than to a prison because he was judged to

Answer 11

be insane

Question 12

At any one time, it has been estimated that ______ percent of college students meet the diagnostic criteria for major depression if they presented to a mental health worker as being bothered

Answer 12

25

Question 13

Psychotic applies to people with schizophrenic brain disorders

Answer 13

who are in active state of profound psychological disturbance displaying their symptoms

Question 14

Worthington suggested that it was understandable for Freud to develop a conception of psychopathology (or sickness of psyche) that emphasized not trusting patient’s reports of their own symptoms because:

Answer 14

he was a physician and based his mental model on a physician’s physical examination of patients with physical problems

Question 15

A psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a bodily form without apparent physical cause is a

Answer 15

somatoform disorder

Question 16

Unipolar depression is primarily caused by

Answer 16

biological factors

Question 17

A person attacked by a fierce dog develops a fear of all dogs. This best illustrates

Answer 17

stimulus generalization

Question 18

Which of the following has an Axis-2 disorder

Answer 18

Susan, who has continual relationship problems and has been diagnosed with a borderline personality disorder

Question 19

People who suffer chronic “low-grade” depression (and have been diagnosed with dysthymic disorder) are at high risk for experiencing

Answer 19

social rejection

Question 20

Anthony is 32 years old, well above average intelligence, and quite charming. He has swindled several older people out of their life savings, and he seems to have little feeling for his victims, nor does he fear the consequences of getting caught. His behavior is evidence of

Answer 20

a personality disorder

Question 21

While he was studying, Matthew was suddenly overwhelmed by feelings of intense apprehension. For several minutes he felt so agitated that he could not catch his breath. Matthew was most likely suffering from

Answer 21

a panic attack

Question 22

In bipolar disorder, the best way to treat the manic phase of bipolar disorder when psychoactive drugs have not worked is

Answer 22

anticipate that one is likely to make poor decisions and take the decision-making out of your own hands

Question 23

Two years after being brutally beaten and raped, Brianna still experiences jumpy anxiety and has trouble sleeping and vivid flashbacks of her assault. Brianna is most clearly showing signs of

Answer 23

post-traumatic stress disorder

Question 24

Martin Seligman (yes, Mr. Positive Psychology himself) made his early career studying

Answer 24

Learned helplessness in animals such as humans, non-human primates, and dogs

Question 25

Jill will sit in one position for long periods of time, evidencing muscular rigidity. Jill is exhibiting symptoms of

Answer 25

catatonic schizophrenia

Question 26

In Milton Rokeach’s The Three Christs of Ypsalanti: A Narrative Study of Three Lost Men, he placed three psychiatric patients all of whom thought they were Jesus on the same ward. He found

Answer 26

they settled it themselves that one was the real Christ and other two were disciples

Question 27

Worthington traced out a history of views on what this field is, from psychopathology to abnormal psychology and beyond. How do we look at the field now?

Answer 27

Behavior disorders and each disorder is described by its symptoms and each is thought to have a different balance between biological, psychological, and social causes

Question 28

Dylan is a second-year undergraduate who feels so incompetent that he believes his life is worthless and hopeless. Dylan would probably profit the most from

Answer 28

Beck’s cognitive therapy

Question 29

Psychoanalysts delve into the meanings of dreams to find clues about:

Answer 29

unconscious conflicts and problems

Question 30

In past decades, medications such as Valium and Xanax were known as tranquilizers; today, they are called _______drugs.

Answer 30

antianxiety

Question 31

Lynn has begun to buy small gifts for her male therapist, and she feels extremely jealous of the time he spends with his other patients. To a psychoanalyst, this is most indicative of

Answer 31

She is showing transference (which he needs to observe and later interpret)

Question 32

Edith, a 45-year old journalist, alternates every few months between extreme sadness and lethargy and extreme euphoria and over-activity. The drug most likely to prove beneficial to her is

Answer 32

Lithium

Question 33

Disruptive or withdrawn behavior, poor peer relations, and solo-play have been noted as early warning signs of

Answer 33

schizophrenia

Question 34

The placebo effect refers to

Answer 34

the beneficial consequences of merely expecting that a treatment will be effective

Question 35

To help Claire quit smoking, a therapist delivers an electric shock to her arm each time she smokes a cigarette. The therapist is using

Answer 35

aversive conditioning

Question 36

A common ingredient underlying the success of diverse psychotherapies is the

Answer 36

client’s expectation that psychotherapy will make things better

Question 37

Meta-analysis refers to

Answer 37

a statistical method for investigating the results of many different studies at the same time

Question 38

Most theoreticians of psychotherapy today believe that to cure phobias the essential ingredient is

Answer 38

mere exposure to the feared stimulus

Question 39

The best outcome studies for evaluating the effectiveness of psychotherapy typically use

Answer 39

randomized clinical trials

Question 40

Which is closest to being true when people have problems in daily living?

Answer 40

Lay counselors are actually more effective in most cases than are professional counselors

Question 41

Which form of therapy has most directly contributed to the sharp reduction in the number of residents in U.S. mental hospitals?

Answer 41

drug (psychopharmacological) therapy

Question 42

Worthington outlined steps of all helping relationships. Which is NOT one of the steps?

Answer 42

Interpreting the meaning of a person’s acts

Question 43

More people consult which professionals for counseling than all other professionals combined?

Answer 43

Pastors or pastoral counselors

Question 44

During psychotherapy, Leon would begin to stutter whenever he began discussing personally sensitive thoughts. Sigmund Freud would have been likely to interpret this stuttering as

Answer 44

resistance

Question 45

Psychodynamic psychotherapists (aka psychoanalytically informed psychotherapists) are focused on two triangles

Answer 45

the impulse-anxiety-defense triangle and the current event-transference (with therapist)-past (with parent) triangle of the hour

Question 46

Which of the following statements best represents the approach of a cognitive therapist in treating a chronically anxious client?

Answer 46

“Let’s see if we can identify the irrational thoughts that are producing your anxiety.”

Question 47

In a review of the overall effectiveness of psychotherapy, Smith and Glass (1977) found that

Answer 47

based on estimates of overall effectiveness, most approaches to therapy are similar in their effectiveness

Question 48

Which therapeutic approach relies most heavily on patients’ discovering their own ways of effectively dealing with their difficulties?

Answer 48

client-centered therapy

Question 49

Worthington said which surprising thing?

Answer 49

The therapist already knows the general cause of a client’s problem before seeing the client

Question 50

In talking for the first time to a person who has a psychological problem, the lay person will usually ask about _______ and the professional therapist will usually ask about

Answer 50

potential hypothesized causes; how long the problem has existed and how severe it is

Question 51

The beginning of managed mental health care started with a study presenting a curve that

Answer 51

showed that most gains in therapy happened by the seventh session

Question 52

“Sure, I’m mainly a cognitive therapist, but other approaches are useful too. I will use conditioning and other behavioral methods, probe into past crises and unconscious impulses, even give book reading lists; I apply whatever will help the client.” This therapist applies a(n) approach:

Answer 52

eclectic

Question 53

(Review) Remember the biological parts of the brain: which part is most responsible for motivations?

Answer 53

hypothalamus

Question 54

Which theory of emotion best describes the transient nature of emotion from the beginning of the experience to the end of the emotional experience?

Answer 54

the opponent-process theory of emotions

Question 55

(Review) Which of the following is NOT one of “planks” in the Bridge to Reconciliation?

Answer 55

Description and Deduction