Hourly Exam 1

Question 1

The first psychological laboratory was established by

Answer 1

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 2

Mrs. Alfieri believes that her husband’s angry outbursts against her result from his unconscious hatred of his own mother. Mrs. Alfieri is looking at her husband’s behavior from a(n)_________ perspective

Answer 2

psychodynamic

Question 3

The cognitive perspective in psychology focuses on how

Answer 3

people encode, process, store, and retrieve information

Question 4

clinical psychologists specialize in

Answer 4

providing psychotherapy to troubled people

Question 5

psychology experiments are typically designed to

Answer 5

test principles that help explain behavior

Question 6

Psychologists study animals because

Answer 6

similar processes often underlie animal and human behavior

Question 7

Psychologists’ personal values and goals

Answer 7

can bias their observations and interpretations

Question 8

A statement describing how a researched measures a research variable is known as a(n)

Answer 8

operational definition

Question 9

In which type of research is a representative, random sample of people asked to answer questions about their behaviors or attitudes?

Answer 9

the survey

Question 10

Ivan Pavlov pioneered the study of

Answer 10

Learning

Question 11

A correlation between physical attractiveness and dating frequency of +0.70 would indicate that

Answer 11

less frequent dating is associated with lower levels of physical attractiveness

Question 12

Which of the following methods is most helpful for revealing cause-effect relationships?

Answer 12

the experiment

Question 13

Research participants are randomly assigned to different groups in an experiment in order to

Answer 13

reduce the likelihood of any preexisting difference between groups of participants

Question 14

Approximately what percentage of the cases represented by normal curve fall between -1 and +1 standard deviations from the mean?

Answer 14

68

Question 15

To decide whether observed differences between samples reflect actual differences between populations, you should determine the _______ of the observed differences.

Answer 15

statistical significance

Question 16

An axon is

Answer 16

the extension of a neuron that carries messages away from the cell body

Question 17

An action potential is generated by movement of

Answer 17

ions

Question 18

Nerves are neural “cables” containing many

Answer 18

axons

Question 19

The neurons of the central nervous system cluster into work groups known as

Answer 19

neural networks

Question 20

Neurotransmitters are released from vesicles located on knob-like terminals at the end of the

Answer 20

axon

Question 21

The central nervous system consists of

Answer 21

the brain and the spinal cord

Question 22

Hormones are the chemical messengers of the

Answer 22

endocrine system

Question 23

If a professor accused you of cheating on a test, your adrenal glands would probably release ________ into your bloodstream

Answer 23

epinephrine

Question 24

The hypothalamus influences the _______ to send messages to the

Answer 24

pituitary; endocrine glands

Question 25

The release of epinephrine into your bloodstream is most likely to

Answer 25

accelerate heartbeat

Question 26

To demonstrate that brain stimulation can make a rat violently aggressive, a neuroscientist should electrically stimulate the rat’s

Answer 26

amygala

Question 27

Which brain structure relays information from the eyes to the visual cortex

Answer 27

thalamus

Question 28

Olds and Milner located a pathway in the brain that, for the rat, when stimulated electrically, was

Answer 28

motivating to repeat stimulation in that region

Question 29

The process of comparing currently experience visual input with past visual memories takes place in

Answer 29

association areas

Question 30

Neurosurgeons have cut the corpus callosum in human patients in order to reduce

Answer 30

epileptic seizures

Question 31

A picture of a dog is briefly flashed in the left visual field of a split-brain patient. At the same time a picture of a boy is flashed in the right visual field. In identifying what she say, the patient would be most likely to

Answer 31

verbally report that she saw a boy

Question 32

Consciousness is

Answer 32

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

Question 33

Compared with unconscious information processing, conscious information processing is relatively

Answer 33

slow and especially effective for solving new problems

Question 34

Circadian rhythm refers to

Answer 34

a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle

Question 35

During the course of a full night’s sleep, people are most likely to spend more time in

Answer 35

REM sleep than in stage 4 sleep

Question 36

REM sleep is called paradoxical sleep because

Answer 36

our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move

Question 37

Chronic sleep deprivation is likely to

Answer 37

promote obesity and impair memory

Question 38

Narcolepsy is a disorder involving

Answer 38

periodic uncontrollable attacks of overwhelming sleepiness

Question 39

Which of the following is the best advice for a person concerned about occasional insomnia?

Answer 39

Relax and drink a glass of milk before bedtime.

Question 40

Margie insists that she never dreams, but her roommate feels she can prove otherwise. To prove that Margie does dream, the roommate should

Answer 40

wake Margie after 5 minutes of REM sleep and ask her what she’s dreaming and audio-record her answer

Question 41

Compared to when they were only 20 years old, 60 year olds

Answer 41

spend less time in deep sleep

Question 42

A collectivist culture is especially likely to emphasize the importance of

Answer 42

social harmony

Question 43

Cross-cultural research on human development indicates that

Answer 43

person-to-person differences within cultural groups are larger than differences between groups

Question 44

Parents can most effectively increase their influence on their children by

Answer 44

helping to select their children’s neighborhood and schools

Question 45

Compared with Asian parents, North American parents today place

Answer 45

less emphasis on obedience and less emphasis on family loyalty

Question 46

Women are more likely than men to

Answer 46

tend and befriend

Question 47

Worthington said there were four levels of psychology. What were they?

Answer 47

Basic neuroscientific level, basic psychological processes, group dynamics, applications

Question 48

Worthington suggested that Psychology was a critical discipline for understanding the future because of two trends. One was that people are going to live longer( and thus population density is likely to increase) and the other is:

Answer 48

mass migration to urban areas increasing the stressfulness of life

Question 49

Worthington facetiously hypothesized that men are smarter than women, and he tried to show that his “hypothesis” was supported by doing an experiment. Which experimental mistake did he NOT make

Answer 49

He did not use acceptable methods to analyze the data

Question 50

Phineas Gage’s problem, after an iron rod was driven completely through his skull, was he couldn’t control his impulses because

Answer 50

his brain was injured that his gut feelings weren’t conveyed to the cortex

Question 51

In the demonstration of neural transmission, the women who weaved in and out down the line of women in the sensory neuron represented

Answer 51

the action potential

Question 52

Worthington described a client of his whose eyes wiggled. Worthington reassured the client that the client did not have brain damage due to his one-time use of pot. Worthington explained that his client’s eyes wiggled to prevent

Answer 52

visual adaptation

Question 53

Worthington’s magic trick was used to make the point that

Answer 53

Magicians use an audience’s perceptual set and assumptions to create illusions

Question 54

Daydreaming

Answer 54

occurs in virtually everyone several times a day

Question 55

Worthington told about his suggestibility demonstration in previous years. Despite his warnings, students often

Answer 55

hypnotized themselves