Hourly Exam 2 Flashcards
Students often remember more information from a one-semester course than from an intensive three-week course. This best illustrates the importance of
the spacing effect
“The Magical Number Seven, plus or minus two” refers to the storage capacity of ________ memory
short term
The process of getting information out of memory is called
retrieval
Chunking refers to
the organization of information into meaningful units
In the study about the September 11, 2001, when people recalled the attacks on the World Trade Center (WTC), people in midtown Manhattan (a few miles away from WTC) experience activation of ________ and those in downtown lower Manhattan (very near the attacks) experience activation of ___________.
hippocampus; both amydala and hippocampus
The inability to remember how Lincoln’s head appears on a penny is most likely due to failure in
encoding
In the demonstration of long-term memory, you had to remember the exact ending to sentences like “The graduate assistant was not smart.” The point of that demonstration was to illustrate
how good long-term memory is for general concepts but how poor it is for details
Loftus and Palmer asked two groups of observers how fast two cars had been going in a filmed traffic accident. Observers who heard the vividly descriptive word “smashed” in relations to the accident later recalled
broken glass at the scene of the accident
the integration of new incoming information with knowledge retrieved from long-term memory involves the activity of
working memory
the human capacity for storing long-term memories is
essentially unlimited
to remember the information presented in her psychology textbook, Susan often relates it to her own life experiences. Susan’s strategy is an effective memory aid because it facilitates
semantic encoding
According to the research on memory of the 9-11 attacks, the theory that flashbulb memories are more accurate than non-emotionally charged memories
is mostly correct (but not as originally proposed) because people forget details, but emotions potentiate many other things to remember–like smells and sounds–other than details
Memories are primed by
retrieval cues
Automatic processing and effortful processing are two types of
encoding
Ebbinghaus discovered that the rate at which we forget newly learned information is initially
rapid and subsequently slows down
A student stole my book. The point of that demonstration was
Long-term memory is unreliable in remembering details
In operant (Skinnerian) conditioning, A-B-C (Antecedent Conditions-Behaviors-Consequences). A high school sophomore wants her older brother to do her algebra. She says that if he does the algebra for a week, she will set her brother up with her best friend, the “hot” Kiera Knightly look-alike, Lindsey. He does the algebra and she gets him a memorable date with Lindsey. His behavior of doing her homework has been
reinforced
Reason by analogy: Pavlov is to ______ as Skinner is to ______
classical conditioning; operant conditioning
Ninth grader, J-Lo, sits beside a Liam Hemsworth look-alike (The Hunger Games) during Health class. Usually, as the period starts with the ringing of the bell, J-Lo is laughing at something witty that “Liam” has said. One day, “Liam” is absent, but when the bell rings, J-Lo laughs anyway. She has been classically (Pavlovian) conditioned. Her laugh on the day when “Liam” is absent is the
conditioned response (CR)
The WAIS consists of separate ______ subtests
verbal and performance
The confirmation bias refers to the tendency to
search for information that supports our preconceptions
Cognitive science tells us that
experts basically think faster than non-experts in rational reasoning about their area of expertise
