Host-virus interactions

Question 1

What can viruses effect in host cells

Answer 1

• Morphology
• Functional
• Biochemical
• Metabolic reprogramming
• Immunological

Question 2

What is antiviral immunity

Answer 2

a combination of innate and adaptive immune response mechanisms

Question 3

Describe the innate part of antiviral immunity

Answer 3

• switching on the interferon response

Question 4

What is the interferon response

Answer 4

Type 1 interferons are cytokines that play a crucial role in host defense against virus infection. They modulate the innate immune responses to impair virus replication process

Question 5

Describe the adaptive part of antiviral immunity

Answer 5

relies on the recognition and binding of viral molecules or antigens by specific receptors on T and B lymphocytes

• B cell= systemic block to infection
• T cells= Eliminates infected cells

Question 6

What is Tetherin

Answer 6

is a protein produced by host cells that inhibits release of retroviral particles and other enveloped virus particles by tethering the virus particle to the cell surface

Question 7

Explain how viruses exploit host cell machinery

Answer 7

• Hijack host cell resources
• Shutdown host cell function
• Counteract host antiviral defenses

Question 8

What are the main ways in which a virus can be identified

Answer 8

• Review of disease history and clinical signs
• Clinical examination
• Confirmation by laboratory testing

Question 9

How can viruses be treated

Answer 9

Supportive therapy (Nursing , fluids, appetite stimulation)
Antiviral drugs

Question 10

What are the disadvantages of antiviral drugs

Answer 10

Expensive

very few licence drugs for animal treatment available

Question 11

What is the best way to prevent viruses

Answer 11

Vaccination- teaches the body’s immune system to recognize a pathogen such that when it encounters it again it can rapidly respond and prevent disease