Host Bacterial recognition & SIRS Flashcards
What are PAMPs
Pathogen associated molecular patterns
- pathogens express specific components that are recognized by the host as “danger signals”
What are PRRs
Pattern Recognition Receptors
- Host expresses specific receptors that recognize the PAMPs
Give examples of a bacterial PAMP
Flagellum
DNA
Cell Wall
What are the main PAMPs that are recognized in gram +ve and -ve bacteria
gram +ve= peptidoglycan
gram -ve= LPS
Describe the roles of TLR receptors in pathogen recognition
Extra-cellular part (LRRs) - recognizes PAMPs
Intra-cellular part- complex signaling network
What are TLRs
Toll-like receptors (is a transmembrane receptors)
Describe TLR4
Recognises LPS
- has a role endotoxic shock
- Essential for host response to gram negative bacteria
Describe TLR2
Recognises lipoprotein and lipopeptides
-Essential for host response to gram positive bacteria
True or false commensal bacteria and pathogenic bacteria have similar PAMPs
True
What are TLRs essential for
- pathogen recognition
- achieve homeostasis on mucosal epithelium colonized by commensal bacteria
Define Bacteremia/ Septicemia
Presence of viable bacteria in blood stream
Define SIRS
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome
systemic response to an array of severe clinical insults
Define Shock
SIRS induced hypotension (reduced blood pressure) unmanageable by fluid resuscitation in association with hypoperfusion (low blood flow) leading to reduced oxygen level in organs/tissues (ischemia)
Define Sepsis
SIRS due to infection
Define severe sepsis
sepsis associated with organ dysfunction, hypoperfusion or hypotension
