Host Pathogen Interactions and Infectious Diseases / HX and PE

Question 1

components of the host pathogen interaction

Answer 1

host, pathogen, environment

Question 2

t/f some pathogens are not very virulent, but the external environment can cause it to occur

Answer 2

false, the internal environment can cause the disease to occur

Question 3

stages leading to infection

Answer 3

microbial encounter -> entry and microbial growth after entry -> avoidance of innate host defenses -> tissue invasion and tropism -> tissue damage -> transmission to new hosts

Question 4

the simple presence of potentially pathogenic microbes in or on a host

Answer 4

colonization

Question 5

attachment and growth of pathogens and avoidance of host defenses

Answer 5

infection

Question 6

the result of activities of secreted toxins or toxic metabolites

Answer 6

disease

Question 7

the measure of an organism’s capacity to cause disease and is a function of the pathogenic factors elaborated by microbes

Answer 7

virulence

Question 8

t/f diseases produced are direct consequences of their route of entry into the body

Answer 8

true

Question 9

t/f microbial entry doesn’t rely on presence of specific factors needed for persistence and growth in a tissue

Answer 9

false

Question 10

most microbes anchor themselves to __

Answer 10

a tissue or tissue factor

Question 11

types of microbial adherence

Answer 11

virus: ligands/adhesions
g-: pili / fimbriae
spirochetes: flagella
s aureus: clumping factor a
candida: als adhesions

Question 12

host receptors of viruses

Answer 12

sialic acids, gangliosides, glycosaminoglycans, integrins, immunoglobulin superfamily, histocompatibility antigens, complement components receptor

Question 13

growth in biofilms leads to __

Answer 13

• altered microbial metabolism
• production of extracellular virulence factors
• decreased susceptibility to antimicrobial agents and host defense molecules and cells

Question 14

t/f changes and disruption of the indigenous microbiome have a strong and often fundamental impact on the progression of infection

Answer 14

true

Question 15

host receptors for covid

Answer 15

ace2 receptors

drugs: barcitinib, umiifenovir, camostat mesylate

Question 16

propensity of certain microbes to cause disease by infecting specific tissues

Answer 16

tropism

ex. c. diptheriae, n. meningitidis

Question 17

receptor-ligand interactions clearly underlie __

Answer 17

• ability of certain viruses to enter cells
• viral capacity to penetrate into cells
• viral genetic elements that regulate gene expression
• pathways of viral spread in tissue

Question 18

disease is a complex phenomenon resulting from

Answer 18

tissue invasion and destruction
toxin elaboration
host response

Question 19

t/f most pathogens exit via the same round they enter

Answer 19

true

Question 20

what is vector borne organism transmission

Answer 20

• direct contact with vector through blood meal

- indirect contact with organisms shed into environment

Question 21

microorganims we encounter in our food or environment just passing through with little consequence. however regular encounters over time can lead to host adaptation or dependence

Answer 21

transient

Question 22

microorganisms that inhabit the human body with host or microbe benefits

Answer 22

commensal

Question 23

microbes that may or may not be a member of the indigenous biota but regularly causes disease in apparently normal individuals

Answer 23

pathogen

Question 24

microbes that cause disease in immunocompromised

Answer 24

opportunistic pathogen

Question 25

microbes encountered by accidental contact with animals, insects, or environment. deadly in humans, not readily transmissible from human to human

Answer 25

accidental pathogen

Question 26

history that may identify microorganisms that pt might have contact

Answer 26

exposure history

Question 27

example of birthplace related history

Answer 27

patient from samar developing schistosomiasis

Question 28

___ are critical since new findings may appear as the illness progresses

Answer 28

serial exams