HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE

Question 1

Always there with, or without any bacterial invasion, or without the presence of invading microorganism

Answer 1

INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM

Question 2

The periodontium protects itself in an innate way:

Answer 2

1. Stratification of sulcular & junctional epithelium. Continue cycling of the cell of the sulcular epithelium.
2. Flushing effect of gingival crevicular fluid-contains physiologic immune surveillance, which is the
   polymorphonuclear nuclear cell which are the neutrophils
3. Resident macrophage of the tissue which is the larger than cell.

Question 3

is a fluid that came from your ground substances, plasma the blood, and goes to the interfacial spaces

Answer 3

transudate

Question 4

high protein content on the fluid: contains products of inflammation.

Answer 4

exudate

Question 5

2 COMPONENTS OF BLOOD

Answer 5

● Serum

● Plasma

Question 6

devoid of zymogen (no
zymogen) - No Clotting factor

Answer 6

Serum

Question 7

white blood cell

Answer 7

Leukocytes

Question 7

Factors that causes cascading effect for clotting (hemostasis) and immune response

Answer 7

Zymogen

Question 8

has zymogen - with clotting factor

Answer 8

Plasma

Question 8

(red blood cell) Biconcave of the blood

Answer 8

Erythrocyte

Question 8

enucleated cells

Answer 8

Thrombocytes or platelets

Question 8

Cellular elements (three basic components of blood)

Answer 8

1. Erythrocyte (red blood cell)
2. Thrombocytes or platelets
3. Leukocytes

Question 9

In circulation. Once it has
migrated to the tissue, it is now
called a macrophage

Answer 9

Monocyte

Question 9

2 GROUPS OF LEUKOCYTES:

Answer 9

1. Granulocytes
2. Agranulocytes

Question 9

depending on the tissue where
the monocyte has migrated to
the tissue:

Answer 9

○ In the periodontiumLangerhans cells

○ Brain- microglial cells

○ Liver- Kupffer cell

○ Lungs - dust cells

Question 10

2. Lymphocytes
   a. T lymphocytes (T cells)

Answer 10

i. Cytotoxic t cell

ii. Helper t cell

iii. Regulatory t cell

Question 10

Most reactive with the presence of
antigen

Answer 10

IgM.

Question 10

unknown

Answer 10

IgD. -

Question 10

3 granular cells

Answer 10

1. neutrophil (most dominant)
2. eosinophil (2nd most dominant)
3. basophil

Question 11

Most Predominant Secretions

Answer 11

IgG.

Question 11

b. B lymphocytes (B cells)

Answer 11

1. IgG.
2. IgM.
3. IgA.
4. IgD.
5. IgE.

Question 12

There are two cells

Answer 12

1. Resident Macrophage
2. Neutrophil

Question 12

Found in the secretion of saliva,
GCF, tears

Answer 12

IgA.

Question 13

Allergies

Answer 13

IgE. -

Question 14

The microorganisms whether gram + or gram -, have antigen on its surface. ANTIGEN is on the surface of an microorganism

Answer 14

MICROBE - HOST INTERACTION

Question 15

(Membrane attack complex). Creates and dissolves t

Answer 15

C5b67689

Question 16

Fragmentation that activated the basophil and mast cell to liberate or secrete heparin and histamine

Answer 16

C3a/C4a/C5a

Question 17

This walling off of the fibrinogen creates a semi-clotted fluid that prevents the spread of the infection in the area.

Answer 17

WALLING OFF EFFECT

Question 17

at the same time, it causes opsonization - activates phagocytosis.

Answer 17

C4 a and C5 a

Question 18

2 Phagocytosis in periodontium

Answer 18

1. Langerhans Cells 2. Neutrophils

Question 19

resident macrophage (Tambay lng sa tissue)

Answer 19

Langerhans Cells

Question 20

There is also activation of resident cells (Epithelial cells and fibroblast).

Answer 20

Neutrophils

Question 21

What happens, the neutrophil would tumble down in the cellular wall and the vascular wall and attached on the surface because the endothelial cell has receptors called

Answer 21

INTERCELLULAR ADHESION MOLECULE 1 (ICAM-1)

Question 22

the neutrophil would tumble down to the surface of the vascular wall and attached on that surface called ROLLING ADHESION.

Answer 22

ROLLING ADHESION

Question 23

predominant cells are neutrophils during acute inflammation

Answer 23

Acute inflammation

Question 24

lymphocytes and monocytes or macrophages predominant cells

Answer 24

Chronic inflammation

Question 25

T-cell cytotoxic cell, helper t-cell, t regulatory cell

Answer 25

cytotoxic cell, helper t-cell, t regulatory cell

Question 26

cannot recognize the presence of antigen

Answer 26

Cytotoxic cell

Question 27

cannot recognize the presence of antigen

Answer 27

Helper t-cell

Question 28

presenting cells - the role of this is to present antigen to t-cells

Answer 28

Antigen

Question 29

Three antigens presenting cells in immune cells

Answer 29

1. Macrophages 2. B-cell 3. Dendritic cells

Question 30

most potent | the bridge between innate immunity and adaptive immunity

Answer 30

Dendritic cells

Question 31

transport into plasma cell in order to create antibodies or immune gamma globulins.

Answer 31

B-cell

Question 32

When the dendritic cells present antigens to t-cells, they attach themselves to the presence of the antigen of the microorganism.

Answer 32

Dendritic cells

Question 33

Two types of major histocompatibility complex:

Answer 33

1. Major histocompatibility complex 1 2. Major histocompatibility complex 2

Question 34

- For the positive feedback mechanism of phagocytes - For macrophage and neutrophil

Answer 34

INTERLEUKIN 1

Question 35

for the positive feedback mechanism for cytotoxic (cd8) t cell and helper T cell (cd4)

Answer 35

INTERLEUKIN 2

Question 36

for maturation of lymphoblasts (precursor cell of lymphocytes)

Answer 36

INTERLEUKIN 3

Question 37

called as B cell differentiation unit (collectively) ; maturation of b cell to become plasma cell; plasma cell create immunoglobulin cell M,A,G,E,D. - M - Most reactivet in the presence of antigen - G - most predominant secretions - A - found in secretions (Example: saliva, tears, gingival crevicular fluid) - E - for allergies - D - no certain function/ unknown

Answer 37

INTERLEUKIN 4, 5, 6

Question 38

Triggers pluripotential/multipotent hematopoietic stem cell to mature into granulocyte and monocyte

Answer 38

GRANULOCYTE, MONOCYTE, COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR/UNIT

Question 39

When cytokine is liberated by epithelial cells or the resident cells it is called

Answer 39

CYTOKINE

Question 40

In helper T cells they are called blank because they are created by the lymphocytes.

Answer 40

LYMPHOKINES

Question 41

Adipocytes also create interleukins and they are called

Answer 41

ADIPOKINES

Question 42

ACUTE RESOLUTION OF INFLAMMATION

Answer 42

- Inflammation must have an acute response to prevent or stop disease from progressing. - Once the microorganism is completely eliminated, resident cells would create anti inflammatory cytokines (lipoxins, resolvins, protectins)

Question 43

Functions of Lipoxins, Resolvins, Protectins

Answer 43

1. Stops macrophage transmigration 2. Stop recruitment of immune cells 3. Activate lymphatic system and drainage of byproduct of inflammation