Host Defenses Flashcards
What are the main modes of transmission?
- Respiratory/salivary
- Faecal-oral (GIT)
- Venereal
- Vector
- Vertebrae reservoir
- Vector-vertebrae reservoir
What are the main features of the airways?
- Shared pharynx with GIT
- Rapid epithelial turnover
- Filters blood volume every minute
- Dissociated lymphocyte division
- Endo-pulmonary lymphatic circulation
- IgA
- Tight immunoregulation
What are ways if surface defense?
- Coughing
- Sneezing
- Mucus
- Cilia (mucociliary system?)
- Rapid cell turnover
- Wall of dead cells
What are the three phases of infection control?
- pre infection
- early infection
- late infection
- see notes
What are the types of interferons and their functions?
Type 1/3: alpha, beta, gamma
- Activate NK - Upregulate MHC - Activates RNase L and Protein kinase r - Induce anti viral state
Type 2:
- proinflammatory
How does the body defend against bacteria?
- Surface defense ○ Acids ○ Mucus ○ Antimicrobial proteins - Opsonisation - Complement - Phagocytosis - Fever - Release of inflammatory mediators and APP
APP: opsonins, and bind in a relatively non-specific way to bacteria
How does the body defend against viruses?
- Surface defense
- Interferon
- Inflammatory mediators and APP
- NKC
- T cells
- Antibody, complement ADCC
What are types of mucosal defenses?
- MBP
- Anti microbial peptides
- Enzymes
- Mucosal lymphocytes
- Secretory IgA
- Special antigen sampling
What effects do interferons have?
autocrine and paracrine
Where does presentation take place in MHC1?
cleft on the external tip of this protein that holds a short peptide ‘signature’, representing a digest fragment of internally synthesised proteins.
Where does presentation take place in MHC2?
external cleft that bears a digestion fragment of protein that has been picked up from outside a professional antigen presenting cell.
